A method for large-scale production of gramineous crop hybrids

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for large-scale production of gramineous crop hybrids. According to the method, male parents and female parents are planted in different field blocks in a large scalerespectively, the pollen of the male parents is collected intensively and preserved for a long time effectively and safely, and the female parents are pollinated in a full flowering period of the female parents, so that the defect that the flowering phase of produced seeds does not coincide with the flowering time can be overcome, the influence of natural disasters is avoided, the mechanization degree is improved, the seed production cost is reduced, the seed quality is improved, the benefit is increased, the good seeds are guaranteed, and the yield is high.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of crop seed production, in particular to the field of large-scale production of gramineous crop hybrids. Background technique [0002] After two varieties with different genetic properties are crossed, the hybrid generation will show very strong fecundity, vitality, stress resistance and adaptability, and will have more advantages than their parents in terms of yield and quality. This super-parental advantage Known as heterosis; rice, wheat, corn and other gramineous crops are the most important food crops in China and even in the world. Through the use of heterosis, super-high-yield and high-quality hybrid varieties have been successfully selected, especially the successful development of hybrid rice, which is of great importance to guarantee China and the world have made great contributions to food security; breeders are constantly studying new methods and making new breakthroughs in the hybrid breeding of rice, wh...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0002] After two varieties with different genetic properties are crossed, the hybrid generation will show very strong fecundity, vitality, stress resistance and adaptability, and will have more advantages than their parents in terms of yield and quality. This super-parental advantage Known as heterosis; rice, wheat, corn and other gramineous crops are the most important food crops in China and even in the world. Through the use of heterosis, super-high-yield and high-quality hybrid varieties have been successfully selected, especially the successful development of hybrid rice, which is of great importance to guarantee China and the world have made great contributions to food security; breeders are constantly studying new methods and making new breakthroughs in the hybrid breeding of rice, wheat, corn and other crops, but there are still some problems in the existing hybrid seed production: 1. The problem of meeting the flowering period in seed production is the focus and difficulty in the process of hybrid seed production. If the parents do not meet at the same time when sowing at the same time in the normal sowing period, it is necessary to adjust the flowering period or sow the female parent at the right time, sow the male parent in stages, and adjust the flowering period. 2. Due to the large difference in the flowering habits of the sterile line and the restorer line, the problem of asynchronous flowering time is prone to occur during rice hybrid seed production, which affects outcrossing and seed production yield. For heterosis For larger indica and japonica subspecies combinations, the contradiction between flowering time is more prominent; 3. In the process of seed production, artificial assisted pollination is often carried out, which can be roughly summarized as artificial rope pollination method and single pole pollination method. There are four kinds of method, the double pole pollination method and the mechanical pollination method, which often require a lot of labor, the process is complicated and the cost is high; at the same time, this method limits the planting row ratio between the parent phase due to the short distance of the pollen transmission of the male parent. The width of the box makes it difficult to realize the mechanized planting and mechanized harvesting of the male parent, which has become a technical bottleneck for the full mechanized seed production of hybrid rice; 4. Affected by the weather, there is a high risk of natural disasters

Many gramineous crops frequently face extreme disasters such as strong winds and rain during the seed production period, or the pollen of the male parent cannot be given to the female parent in time due to the flowering period or flowering time of the parents, resulting in a serious impact on the yield and quality of seed production. , and even cause the entire batch of seeds to be scrapped, resulting in great economic losses; 5. The parents of the same field are easy to mix, and the cost of manual removal of impurities is high and difficult to remove, resulting in a decline in seed quality; 6. Through years of careful selection and breeding It is easy to be stolen when the parents are planted together during seed production, especially if the male parent has the ability to reproduce itself, it is more likely to lead to infringement of intellectual property rights

Images