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Problems solved by technology
While efforts have been made to understand and improve the catalytic properties of perovskites for automotive applications, such catalysts often show deactivation when subjected to harsh aging conditions
Method used
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Embodiment 1
[0110] Comparative Catalyst 1 , Catalyst 2 and Catalyst 3 were tested at temperatures between 500°C and 600°C under standard disturbed gasoline conditions. The catalyst was then subjected to aging conditions involving temperatures > 700°C in the presence of steam and under rich / lean conditions for 20 hours. Specific conditions include the following:
[0111] ·Test conditions: disturbance gas mixture (WHSV=750Lg -1 h -1 ), λ±0.05: 0.73%-2.2%CO+666ppm C 3 h 6 +333ppm C 3 h 8 +2200ppmNO+0.23%-0.69%H 2 +*O 2 +14%CO 2 +4%H 2 O(N 2 Balance), each disturbance 3s
[0112] Aging conditions: disturbed gas mixture, λ=0.93–1.06: 0.5%CO+1000ppmC 3 h 8 +1000ppm NO+0.27%-1.07%O 2 +10%H 2 O(N 2 Equilibrium), each disturbance 5min
[0113] Table 1: CO / HC / NO conversions at 500 °C for fresh and aged catalysts, λ = 0.99 ± 0.05
[0114]
[0115] Table 2: CO / HC / NO conversions at 600°C for fresh and aged catalysts, λ=0.99±0.05
[0116]
[0117] As shown in Tables 1 and 2...
Embodiment 2
[0122] Example 2 Stabilization effect (after hydrothermal redox aging)
[0123] As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, TEM images show that the primary particle size of comparative catalyst 4 is higher than that of doped ZrO 2 (10.1 wt% Nb 2 o 5 ; stabilized after aging in the presence of catalyst 5A). For fresh MnO x :La 0.9 MnO 3 , the particle size increased from the initial 20nm-80nm to 200nm-1000nm after aging in Comparative Catalyst 4. In doped ZrO 2 (eg, Catalyst 5A), MnO x :La 0.9 MnO 3 The primary particles remain small, between 200nm-500nm.
Embodiment 3
[0125] Comparative Catalyst 4 and Catalyst 5A were tested at 500°C under standard disturbed gasoline conditions. The catalyst was then subjected to aging conditions involving temperatures > 950°C in the presence of steam and under rich / lean conditions for 16 hours. Specific conditions include the following:
[0126] ·Test conditions: disturbance gas mixture (WHSV=750Lg -1 h -1 ), λ±0.05: 0.73%-2.2%CO+666ppm C 3 h 6 +333ppm C 3 h 8 +2200ppmNO+0.23%-0.69%H 2 +*O 2 +14%CO 2 +4%H 2 O(N 2 Balance), each disturbance 3s
[0127] Aging conditions: disturbed gas mixture, λ=0.93–1.06: 0.5%CO+1000ppm C 3 h 8 +1000ppm NO+0.27%-1.07%O 2 +10%H 2 O(N 2 Equilibrium), each disturbance 5min
[0128] Table 3. CO / HC / NO conversions at 500 °C for fresh and aged catalysts
[0129]
[0130] As shown in Table 3 above, Comparative Catalyst 4 in its fresh state had >50% CO / HC conversion and >20% NO conversion under standard disturbed gasoline conditions at 500 °C, however when sub...
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Abstract
Compositions, articles, and methods related to a three-way-catalyst composition comprising a perovskite-type compound of formula (I): LazB1-qB'qO3+ / -Delta or formula (II): [BOx]y : [LazBO3+ / -Delta]1-y and a non-redoxactive component; wherein B or B' is Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti, or Zr; q is in a range from about 0 to about 0.5; x is from about 1 to about 2.5; y is from about 1 to about 30 wt%; z is about 0.6 to about 1.1; Delta is in a range from about 0 to about 0.6.
Description
technical field [0001] The compositions and methods of the present invention relate to novel catalyst compositions comprising perovskite compounds and non-redoxactive components, their use as three-way catalysts (TWC) in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines, and for A method of treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. Background technique [0002] Internal combustion engines produce exhaust gases that contain a variety of pollutants, including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (“NO x "). Emission control systems incorporating exhaust catalysts are widely used to reduce the amount of these pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. A common catalyst used in gasoline engine applications is TWC. TWC performs three main functions: (1) carbon monoxide (CO ) oxidation; (2) oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons; and (3) NO x to N 2 restoration. [0003] TWCs, typically consisting of platinum group metals (PGM) dispersed on high su...
Claims
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