Energy management for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

This invention concerns remote sensor networks, and particularly energy management for wireless sensor networks. In a first aspect the invention is a wireless sensor node specified to operate for a given lifetime, comprising: an onboard computer system and a set of one or more associated sensors. The computer system operates to periodically sample data from each sensor of the set of associated sensors, and to store a multi-state model representing one or more phenomena described by the collected data. And, the computer system operates to calculate a value associated with movement of the phenomena between the states of the multi-state model, and to adjust the rate of sampling of one or more of the set of associated sensors depending on the calculated value. In other aspects the invention is a network of sensor nodes and a method of operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD[0001]This invention concerns remote sensor networks, and particularly energy management for wireless sensor networks. In a first aspect the invention is a sensor node. In other aspects the invention is a network of sensor nodes and a method of operation.BACKGROUND ART[0002]In the relevant research literature, the thrust of energy management has been directed toward adjustment of the sampling frequency to conserve energy. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 7,318,010 (Anderson) describes a node utilizing a fixed energy management plan which is downloaded to a sensor node and then used to adjust the sampling rates of the sensors reporting to that node. Although such protocols may enable nodes to last for a specified lifetime, they do not necessarily return the most useful range of information from the node during that lifetime.DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION[0003]In a first aspect the invention is a wireless sensor node specified to operate for a given lifetime, comprising an onbo...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0004]The main advantage is not only that the invention ensures continuing operation of the node for a specified lifetime, but also that it able to select the best behaviour for the node depending upon the state the phenomena is most likely to be in at any given time.

[0017]In this example transitions in light levels may not trigger changes from the day or night states unless corroborated by data from the UV sensor. This may, for instance, prevent an increase in sampling rate of the light sensor resulting from exposure to artificial night-time illumination. The node may also be arranged to increase the sampling rate of the UV sensor for a period of time after the data from the light sensor exhibits a change by more than a predetermined threshold. The overall effect might be that the UV sensor is sampled more frequently when events occur that could be dawn or dusk, whereas the light sensor is sampled more frequently only during the daylight hours. Many other variations are possible, for instance it may be possible to stop sampling a particular sensor when the phenomena is in a particular state.

[0024]This invention may enable true long-term deployments of sensor networks where each sensor node can be guaranteed to last a specified lifetime. This is particularly important for outdoor, environmental sensing where replacement of energy storage is time-consuming and expensive, and energy harvesting is typically unpredictable.

[0025]In a second aspect the invention may be applied over a network of sensor nodes. In a network each node periodically announces its residual energy value and the minimum energy of any neighbor node along it reporting path. In this way each node learns the minimum residual energy in its region of the network, and is able to set its sensor sampling rates in order to conserve sufficient energy at critical nodes of the network along its reporting path.

Problems solved by technology

Although such protocols may enable nodes to last for a specified lifetime, they do not necessarily return the most useful range of information from the node during that lifetime.

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