The invention discloses a permeability-based ultrasonic verification method of asphalt pavement preventative maintenance opportunity. The method comprises the steps as follows: firstly, building an indoor asphalt mixture damage-permeability model, which comprises steps as follows: a, taking test pieces to perform different degrees of uniaxial compression and diametral compression tests, so as to obtain different types and degrees of damage, b, respectively performing dynamic modulus testing on the test pieces before and after being damaged, so as to obtain damage D indicated by dynamic modulus, c, performing ultrasonic testing on the test pieces before and after being damaged, so as to obtain damage Du indicated by ultrasonic variation, building the relation between Du and D, and simultaneously performing dimension modification on Du by testing the test pieces at different heights, d, building an ultrasonic damage-permeability model, and e, obtaining the asphalt mixture damage threshold value of preventative maintenance and the ultrasonic wave speed threshold value corresponding to the asphalt mixture damage threshold value; and secondly, verifying the asphalt pavement preventative maintenance opportunity. The method can accurately judge pavements in advance, delay the development of pavement diseases, prolong the service life of the pavements, and save cost.