A
system is provided to analyze frequency (or phase) modulation
distortion in an audio device, which may include testing with audio frequencies. In one embodiment a change in
pitch (or frequency) is measured at an output of the audio device. One or more
distortion signals from the audio device may be measured for an amplitude, phase, and or
frequency modulation effect. In another embodiment a musical
signal may be used as a test
signal. Providing additional test signals to the audio device can induce a time varying cross-modulation
distortion signal (or static cross-modulation distortion signal) from an output of the audio device. Also utilizing at least one additional filter,
filter bank, demodulator and or frequency converter and or
frequency multiplier provides extra examination of distortion. Also frequency and or
phase response can be measured with the presence of a de-sensing signal and or another signal that induce near
slew rate limiting or near overload condition of the
device under test. Another
system is provided to analyze
modulation index differences between input and output signals for a test signal including modulation.