Ultrasound method

A particle and catheter technology, applied in the field of detection of particle reaction products, can solve problems such as complex implementation

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-08-26
PROKYMA TECH LTD
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Therefore, optimized treatments can be complex to implement and includ

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0070] Example 1 - negative control hemagglutination test

[0071] Negative control experiments include A cells and anti-B antibody, B cells and anti-A antibody, A 1 、A 2 Or the interaction of type B cells with anti-D antibodies and type O red blood cells with anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

[0072] equal volume of A 1 and A 2 A suspension of type erythrocytes is premixed with anti-B antibody, aspirated into the septum and sonicated. Large aggregates were seen growing in the center of the compartment. The main contributors to the growth are rows of single cells and small clusters of cells. On the periphery of the ultrasound chamber are smaller aggregates, some of which eventually associate with the central aggregate leading to reorganization of the main aggregate. Aggregates with a diameter of approximately 2 mm formed within one minute of sonication. Immediately thereafter with 8ml h -1 Start the wash solution flow at a rate of . Clearly seen under x2 to x5 microscope...

Embodiment 2

[0076] Example 2 - positive control hemagglutination test

[0077] Positive control experiments included the interaction of type A red blood cells with anti-A antibody, type B red blood cells with anti-B antibody, and type O red blood cells with anti-D antibody.

[0078] Add an equal volume of A 1 and A 2 Type B red blood cell suspension is premixed with anti-A antibody, or an equal volume of B type red blood cell suspension is premixed with anti-B antibody, and subjected to sonication, within one minute of sonication, at the pressure node of the standing wave Agglomerated products were obtained. The mode of formation differs significantly from the form described in Example 1. Instead of single cells being attracted by radiative force to form central aggregates, small and medium-sized aggregates are attracted by radiative force to form central aggregates. One large central aggregate and several smaller peripheral aggregates formed within one minute of sonication. The stre...

Embodiment 3-C

[0081] Example 3 - Coombs method

[0082] The Coombs method actually consists of two different tests, the direct Coombs test and the indirect Coombs test. The direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies or complement system factors that have bound to surface antigens on red blood cells in the body, while the indirect Coombs test is used to detect lower concentrations of antibodies present in the patient's or donor's plasma or serum prior to transfusion . Both tests are based on the concept that anti-human antibodies produced by immunization of non-human species will bind to human antibodies (typically IgG or IgM). The animal's anti-human antibodies will also bind to the human antibodies which can be immobilized on the surface of the red blood cells, and under the proper test tube conditions, these red blood cells may agglutinate.

[0083] Direct Coombs Test - Positive

[0084] A 0.4% suspension of Coombs control IgG preloaded cells (ie, cells to which IgG antibodies had...

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PUM

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Abstract

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for detecting the product of a reaction on a particle held at the pressure node of a standing wave. The methods and apparatus are particularly concerned with blood typing and the Coombs method.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for detecting products of particle reactions using ultrasonic standing waves, and more particularly, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for detecting products of particle agglutination. Background technique [0002] A reaction occurs when a molecule or particle changes, eg, due to the molecule's environment or the activity of other molecules and / or particles. For example, a reaction may involve the formation of a linkage between two entities, such as two particles, or between complementary molecules, such as an antibody to an antigen, a nucleic acid to a complementary sequence, etc., through an electrical charge, a chemical bond. Scientists are always working on optimizing reaction conditions, especially improving speed, efficiency and yield. Optimization typically involves: removal of interferents, such as reaction inhibitors, from the reaction mixture; several changes in the ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): G01N33/49G01N33/80B01J19/10
CPCG01N33/49
Inventor 达米安·邦德
Owner PROKYMA TECH LTD
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