Method for preparing structural material of floors and coaches of high-speed trains

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a structural material of floors and coaches of high-speed trains. In the method, super light foamed aluminium or foamed aluminum alloy is used as a core layer and aluminum plates with different thicknesses, wherein the aluminum plates are used as upper and lower faceplates to be compounded with the core layer to form the sandwich panels. The method is characterized in that, through mechanically and forcedly paving and spreading the foamed aluminium core layer and the faceplates in a brazing filler metal melt and then carrying out fusion and vibration-assisted coagulation, attached surface oxidation films are removed, and the foamed aluminium core layer and the faceplates are prevented from being oxidized again during welding, and finally, a structural material for floors and coaches of high-speed trains which is compounded by carrying out large-area welding on the foamed aluminium core layer and the upper and lower faceplates. Compared with the material prepared by a traditional cementing method, the material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high rigidity, long service life, noise isolation, energy absorption, vibration damping, inflaming retarding, corrosion resistance and electromagnetic shielding; meanwhile, the cold and heat processing such as re-welding, surface coating, scraping and thelike and the complete recycling of the material can be realized, and the prepared structural material can replace the structural material for floors and coaches of high-speed trains prepared from honeycomb aluminium sandwich structural slabs, honeycomb paper sandwich structural slabs, organic foamed plastic sandwich panels such as polyurenthane panels and the like, metal-coated wood boards, and other various composite materials.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a high-speed train floor and car body structure material, in particular to a preparation method of a composite board with ultra-light porous metal as a sandwich core. Background technique [0002] Aluminum foam is an aluminum-based metal material containing a large number of disordered and uniformly distributed pores. Due to its unique physical structure, it has many excellent properties. It has the structural characteristics of light weight (specific gravity ρ<1), high specific strength and specific stiffness. At the same time, it has multiple functions such as sound insulation, heat insulation, flame retardant, damping and vibration reduction, impact energy absorption and electromagnetic shielding, which realizes the lightweight and multifunctional structural materials, so it has a wide range of application prospects. Especially in the field of rail transit, aluminum foam sandwich structure as an ultra-light material has b...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] The sandwich panel material with low-density material as the core layer and solid panels as the upper and lower panels is a common floor and car body structure material for high-speed trains. The aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure material and lattice grid sandwich structure are mainly used. Materials, the aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure material is made of aluminum honeycomb as the core material and the aluminum alloy upper and lower panels, and the dot grid sandwich structure is glued or welded with the grid or profiled plate as the core and the panel The above two types of sandwich structure materials have many technical defects, mainly in the following aspects: 1) Anisotropic physical characteristics, honeycomb sandwich structure and lattice grid sandwich The noise insulation performance of the structure in the direction perpendicular to the floor is much lower than that in the horizontal direction; during service, it shows better stiffness and strength when it is subjected to a force perpendicular to the floor direction, but when it is subjected to a shear force consistent with the horizontal direction of the plate When the force is applied, the core body is prone to instability, causing the sandwich panel to deform due to the reduction of the moment of inertia; 2) The traditional aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure and paper honeycomb sandwich structure, polyurethane and other organic foam sandwich and metal The energy-absorbing capacity and energy-absorbing efficiency of the coated wood material and the lattice grid sandwich core are relatively low. Once a traffic accident occurs, the kinetic energy of the high-speed train cannot be effectively absorbed and buffered, and the degree of damage is relatively serious; 3) Aluminum honeycomb sandwich core Due to the poor nail-holding force of the dot matrix grid sandwich, when the former is used as a high-speed train floor and car body structure material, it is necessary to line the solid aluminum profile inside the structure and pre-embed the corresponding connectors on the car floor crossbeam, which significantly increases the overall floor structure. 4) The organic adhesive between the core layer and the panel of the traditional sandwich structure material is aged and brittle due to heat, ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric oxidation, etc. Replacement; when heated, floors such as honeycomb sandwich core and foam plastic sandwich core cannot withstand higher temperatures. Under high temperature, organic adhesives and sandwich cores themselves will even burn and release toxic gases. The solid aluminum lining inside the floor Profiles will undergo severe oxidation at higher temperatures, which pose hidden dangers to train safety, increase recycling costs, and cannot achieve complete recycling; 5) Aluminum honeycomb sandwich core, paper honeycomb sandwich core, foam plastic sandwich core and metal-clad wood Material and other floor panels are physically insulated from the core material, not resistant to water immersion and oil immersion, and have poor chemical corrosion resistance; 6) The manufacturing cost of lattice grid sandwich structure materials is relatively high, especially when the core layer and the panel are used. When connecting by welding, it needs to be equipped with large and expensive heating and heat preservation equipment; 7) The honeycomb sandwich structure material cannot achieve metallurgical connection with the car body structure, which affects the airtightness of the car body structure. The core is permeable, and once the panel is damaged, it will also affect the airtightness of the overall structure; 8) The core structure material of the profiled plate has a large proportion, and the damping and vibration reduction effect is not obvious

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