Carbon fiber/nanofiber synergistic tough ceramic matrix composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon fiber / nanofiber synergistic strong and tough ceramic matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method introduces carbon nanotubes and SiC nanowires into carbon fibers by means of a sizing process, and weaves a multi-scale prefabricated body through textile forming means. The ceramic matrix is ​​densified by chemical vapor infiltration, reaction infiltration, precursor immersion cracking, etc., and carbon fiber / nanofiber synergistic tough ceramic matrix composites are prepared; the preparation method provided by the invention makes carbon fiber / carbon nanotube / SiC The multi-scale structure of nanowires gives full play to the scale effect, cooperates with strong and tough ceramic matrix composites, and prepares multi-scale prefabricated bodies by means of sizing technology, which can meet the mass production of large and special-shaped structural parts without damaging the performance of carbon fibers. It solves the technical problem of simultaneous introduction of multiple nanofibers, and realizes the control of the content and distribution of doped nanofibers. It has the advantages of simple equipment, easy process control, and low cost, which is conducive to large-scale industrial production.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic matrix composite materials, in particular to a carbon fiber / nano fiber synergistic strong and tough ceramic matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] Advanced ceramic matrix composites are considered to be one of the ideal thermal structural materials in the field of aerospace, under high temperature, strong air flow erosion, corrosion and high stress vibration loads and other service environments. Carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites are made of high-strength and high-elastic carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix, which combines the good high-temperature mechanical properties of carbon fiber and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of ceramic matrix. It is widely used in aerospace thermal structural components. The nozzles of missiles and multi-purpose missiles, thermal protection systems of space shuttles, solid rocket motor nozz...

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Problems solved by technology

In the above patents, the use of chemical deposition and chemical grafting methods cannot avoid the damage of high temperature and reagents to the intrinsic properties of carbon fibers, and it is difficult to control the content and distribution of carbon nanotubes

[0005] Chinese patent application CN107673773A discloses a preparation method of graphene-modified carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite material. Graphene oxide is introduced into carbon fiber prefabricated body by hydrothermal chemical reduction method, and graphene-modified material is prepared by chemical vapor infiltration process. Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite materials, this method can control the morphology and structure of graphene materials to a certain extent, but this method requires high equipment requirements in actual production, and has no advantages for large-scale parts and large-scale production

[0006] Chinese patent application CN107686366A discloses a method for preparing a nanowire and whisker synergistically toughened ceramic matrix composite material. The method obtains a porous preform by growing nanowires in situ on a gel-cast whisker preform and then densifies the ceramic This method is suitable for the production of large-scale, special-shaped and complex components, but the nanowires and whiskers are limited by their own aspect ratio, and the unique advantages of the continuous length of carbon fibers have not been brought into play, which restricts the performance potential of the material.

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