Subnanometer catalytic clusters for water splitting, method for splitting water using subnanometer catalyst clusters

a technology of catalytic clusters and subnanometers, which is applied in the field of electrochemical reaction facilitation methods, can solve the problems of relatively low cost, achieve the effects of enhancing catalyst activity, reducing cost, and eliminating support structure defects

Inactive Publication Date: 2014-10-16
UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC
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  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Benefits of technology

[0018]Still another object of the present invention is providing a method for electro-oxidation or electro-reduction reactions. A feature of the method is subjecting a fluid containing the moiety to be converted water with catalyst comprising non-precious and precious metal clusters supported on an electrically conductive support wherein the clusters cover between 1 and 25 percent of the surface of the support and each of the clusters comprise a predetermined number of atoms. (An embodiment of the invention comprises clusters covering between 1 and 5 percent of the surface of one side of the support.) An advantage of the method is that it provides a very efficient catalytic method wherein target moiety conversions per catalyst cluster surface atom is between about 10 and 100 times higher than conversion rates seen in state of the art films and catalytic nanoparticles larger than 1 nanometer. This results in a cost that is relatively low compared to methods using precious metals.
[0019]Yet another object of the present invention is providing a self-healing catalyst system. A feature of the invention is the use of some sized metal catalytic clusters (such as clusters consisting of 4-50 metal atoms of catalytic material) to elimi

Problems solved by technology

This results in a cost that is relatively lo

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  • Subnanometer catalytic clusters for water splitting, method for splitting water using subnanometer catalyst clusters
  • Subnanometer catalytic clusters for water splitting, method for splitting water using subnanometer catalyst clusters
  • Subnanometer catalytic clusters for water splitting, method for splitting water using subnanometer catalyst clusters

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example 1

[0057]OER activity was measured for three Pd clusters (Pd4, Pd6 and Pd17). The activity was measured on an ultrananocrystalline diamond film electrode at pH 13.6 (1 M NaOH). FIG. 1a shows linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of Pd4 (solid line), Pd6 (cross-hatched line) and Pd17 (dashed line) clusters after 500 second cleaning / preconditioning by chronoamperometry at about 1.7 V. A background curve (dotted line) for a UNCD coated electrode without deposited Pd clusters is also shown. The blank UNCD used was of the same dimensions and identical batch as the cluster-covered samples.

[0058]The graphs in FIGS. 1A and 1B depict large increases in anodic current between Pd6 or Pd17 clusters and the UNCD support. In this example, about 10 percent of the total surface area of the electrode was coated with Pd clusters, moreover within this area as low as 0.1 atomic monolayer equivalent of Pd metal (1.5×1014 atoms / cm2) was deposited. Generally, between about 1 and 25 percent of the surface are...

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Abstract

The invention provides a catalytic electrode for converting molecules, the electrode comprising a predetermined number of single catalytic sites supported on a substrate. Also provided is a method for oxidizing water comprising contacting the water with size selected catalyst clusters. The invention also provides a method for reducing an oxidized moiety, the method comprising contacting the moiety with size selected catalyst clusters at a predetermined voltage potential.

Description

CONTRACTUAL ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION[0001]The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract No DE-AC02-06CH11357 between the United States Government and UChicago Argonne, LLC representing Argonne National Laboratory.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]1. Field of the Invention[0003]This invention relates to an electrode and a method for facilitating electrochemical reactions, and more specifically this invention relates to an electrode and a method for utilizing size selected catalyst clusters to facilitate oxidizing and reducing reactions.[0004]2. Background of the Invention[0005]Efficient methods for splitting water are a key scientific challenge for meeting the world's fuels needs over the next century. Water oxidation (i.e., water splitting) is a key catalytic step for electrical fuels generation. It consists of two reactions: the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).[0006]Oxygen evolution reactions (see Equations 1 ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C25B11/02C25B11/04C25B3/04C25B1/04C25B3/25
CPCC25B11/02C25B1/04C25B3/04C25B11/0473C25B11/0405Y02E60/36C25B3/25C25B11/059C25B11/069C25B11/051C25B11/077C25B11/081C25B11/091
Inventor VAJDA, STEFANCURTISS, LARRY A.PELLIN, MICHAEL J.
Owner UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC
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