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Air injection systems for combustion chambers

a combustion chamber and air injection technology, applied in the combustion process, lighting and heating apparatus, combustion types, etc., can solve the problems of difficult to achieve the goal, achieve the effect of increasing combustion levels, reducing nox emissions, and simple and/or more effective ways

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-04-09
RJM EC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent text describes a new method for reducing NOx emissions and increasing combustion levels in combustion devices. The method involves the introduction of one or more secondary airstreams below the combustion zone (under-fire air). This can be done by injecting air along the axis of rotation of a combustion zone fireball. The secondary airstream helps to maintain stable rotation of the fireball and reduces the levels of NOx emissions while limiting the formation of NOx under the high temperatures present in the fireball. This method is simple and more efficient than existing methods that require additional equipment such as fans. Additionally, the patent describes the creation of an airstream that swirls around the axis of rotation of the fireball, which helps to maintain stable rotation of the fireball even in systems where low levels of air are injected directly into the fireball. The system is arranged to supply gas to the combustion devices and secondary gas nozzles from the same source, which makes the combustion system more cost-effective and efficient.

Problems solved by technology

These two aims are generally difficult to achieve in the same system, since high levels of fuel combustion require the supply of high levels of air in relation to the amount of fuel to be combusted.
However, a high ratio of air to fuel tends to promote NOx formation.

Method used

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  • Air injection systems for combustion chambers
  • Air injection systems for combustion chambers
  • Air injection systems for combustion chambers

Examples

Experimental program
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first embodiment

[0061]FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a combustion system according to first and fourth aspects of the invention, wherein the front face of the combustion system is not shown and certain faces of the combustion chamber are rendered transparent in order to reveal interior detail.

[0062]FIG. 2 shows a detail view of a portion of FIG. 1. A scaled-down version of FIG. 1 indicates the location of the portion of FIG. 2.

[0063]FIG. 3 shows a detail view of a portion of FIG. 1. A scaled-down version of FIG. 1 indicates the location of the portion of FIG. 3.

[0064]FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a twin chambered combustion system, based on the combustion system of FIG. 1 and showing external ducts.

[0065]FIG. 5 shows another perspective view of the twin chambered combustion system of FIG. 4.

[0066]FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of the combustion system of FIG. 1, when in use.

[0067]FIG. 7 shows a plan view of the combustion system of FIG. 1, showing air flow from Rotatio...

second embodiment

[0068]FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of a portion of a combustion system according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the front face of the combustion system is not shown.

[0069]FIG. 9 shows a detail view of a portion of FIG. 8.

[0070]Referring to FIG. 1, a combustion system 10 has a combustion chamber 12 and a flue gas duct 14. In use, the flue gas duct is above the combustion chamber.

[0071]The combustion chamber has a base 16 having two sides 16a,b that tend towards each other in a direction away from the flue gas duct 14. Thus, effectively, the base is shaped as a hopper having two sides that are aligned and two sides that are oriented towards each other. In this embodiment, the two sides 16a,b of the base 16 are oriented at 52° to each other.

[0072]The combustion chamber further has an enclosing wall 18 connecting the base 16 to the flue gas duct 14. The wall comprises four panels that are arranged to provide a rectangular cross-section.

[0073]Combustion device...

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Abstract

A combustion system comprises a combustion chamber and a flue gas duct located downstream of the combustion chamber to receive combustion products from the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber has a base and an enclosing wall connecting the base to the flue gas duct. The combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of combustion devices, the combustion devices being configured to deliver fuel and gas and / or air into the combustion chamber so as to generate a fireball within a combustion zone in the combustion chamber, the combustion devices further being configured such that the generated fireball rotates about an axis extending between the base and the flue duct. A secondary gas and / or air nozzle is provided in the base of the combustion chamber, at a location upstream of the combustion zone, the nozzle being for delivering gas and / or air into the combustion zone in a direction towards the flue duct.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to air injection systems for combustion chambers, particularly to secondary air injection systems for achieving multi-stage combustion of fuel.BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION[0002]In the operation of thermal fired power stations, it is desirable to reduce NOx emissions as much as possible, while achieving high levels of fuel combustion to promote efficiency. These two aims are generally difficult to achieve in the same system, since high levels of fuel combustion require the supply of high levels of air in relation to the amount of fuel to be combusted. However, a high ratio of air to fuel tends to promote NOx formation.[0003]It is known to operate thermal fired power stations according to a system of staged combustion. This system is based on the knowledge that NOx forms most readily at high temperatures. Thus, to limit NOx formation, fuel is initially burned in a sub-stoichiometric atmosphere (i.e. the air supplied is insuffici...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): F23C5/32F23C3/00F23C7/02
CPCF23C5/32F23C3/00F23C7/02F23C6/045F23C2201/101F23C2900/06041F23L9/00
Inventor GOLDRING, JOHNBILLETT, STEVENBERG, LAWRENCE
Owner RJM EC