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Immunological Reagents

Active Publication Date: 2017-06-15
MABQUEST
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

This patent relates to agents that can bind to a specific protein called PD-1, which is involved in immune responses. The patent describes using these agents to treat infections caused by HIV, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. The patent also provides methods for identifying these binding agents and suggests using them in combination to improve the immune response. Overall, this patent aims to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy and provide new tools for the treatment of infections and cancer.

Problems solved by technology

However, despite the long-term suppression of HIV replication achieved in patients with optimal adherence to ART, HIV invariably rebounds after interruption of therapy.
Furthermore, successful therapy does not induce or allow restoration / development of virus-specific immune responses capable of controlling HIV replication in the absence of ART.
Therefore, ART is unable to induce full suppression of HIV replication and the “natural” HIV-1 specific immune response under ART is also unable to totally suppress and eliminate ongoing residual virus replication.

Method used

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  • Immunological Reagents
  • Immunological Reagents
  • Immunological Reagents

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Generation and Characterization of PD-1 Binding Agents

[0108]Four mice strains (total of 16 mice) have been immunized with two PD-1 proteins, i.e. human PD-1 Fc fusion protein and a human PD-1 monomeric protein. Mice showing serum reactivity to PD-1 expressed on activated human T lymphocytes have been selected for generation of anti-PD-1 hybridoma cell lines. A total of 240 PD-1 hybridoma cell lines were selected for producing antibodies that bind to recombinant PD-1 protein. The primary criteria for the first round of antibodies selection were: i) staining of PD-1 on activated human T lymphocytes by flow cytometry; ii) diversity of CDR VH and VL sequences as compared to those of the existing anti-PD-1 antibodies; and, iii) epitope mapping performed by competitive binding studies with PD-1 conjugated Luminex beads with two commercially available anti-PD-1 antibodies binding to different epitopes on PD-1. A second round of selection was then carried out by: iv) affinity binding assays...

example 2

Antibody Combinations

[0111]Combinations of antibodies binding to different PD-1 epitopes were found to enhance restoration of HIV peptide specific CD8 T-cell proliferation in a functional exhaustion recovery assay (FIG. 8). Synergy between antibody types was also observed. For instance, it was determined that class 1 (MK-3475 in FIG. 8) and class 2 (139D6 in FIG. 8) antibodies are able to simultaneously bind PD-1. While the maximum stimulation observed for MK-3475 is consistently about 200% relative to the HIV peptide, combinations of MK-3475 and 139D6 monoclonal antibodies at 5 μg / ml exhibited synergy with a 288% increase in HIV-specific CD8 T cell proliferation relative to the HIV peptide control alone or a 144% increased proliferation relative to MK-3475 or 139D6 added alone (FIG. 8). This synergistic increase in proliferation was observed in several experimental tests with a statistically significant p value of 0.007. As a comparison, addition of 10 μg / ml of either MK-3475 or 13...

example 3

Epitope Mapping of Anti-PD-1 Antibodies

[0112]Preliminary epitope mapping evaluations relied on biochemical competitive binding assay studies between commercially available anti-PD-1 antibodies (EH12.2H3 and J116) and the newly identified anti-PD-1 antibodies defined in this patent. This procedure allowed us to categorize the antibodies into one of four binding classes based on binding competitively or non-competitively with either of the two commercial antibodies. A more precise method of defining the antibody binding epitopes on PD-1 is to monitor the interaction of the antibody with different PD-1 proteins that have discreet amino acid substitutions at solvent accessible residues. If these residues are important for tight binding of the anti-PD-1 antibodies, the substitution can result in a reduced binding for the PD-1 protein. These studies were performed by site directed mutagenesis of the PD-1 gene encoded within the pReceiver-M67 mammalian expression vector under the control o...

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Abstract

This disclosure relates to binding agents with specificity for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and to methods for using the same to treat, prevent and / or ameliorate an infectious disease (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)), cancer and / or autoimmunity. In addition, this disclosure identifies a novel binding patch (“P2”) on PD-1 that is linked with a previously unidentified functional activity of PD-1 that is distinct from the interaction site involved with either the PD-L1 or PD-L2 ligands. Furthermore, we demonstrate that antibodies that interact with this region of PD-1 are able to act as antagonists of PD-1 and that this antagonism is further enhanced with the addition of antibodies that act through the blockade of the PD-1 / PD-L1 / L2 interaction.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 15 / 014,749, which is a continuation-in-part of PCT / IB2015 / 055943, with an international filing date of Aug. 5, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 62 / 033,177 filed Aug. 5, 2014; U.S. Ser. No. 62 / 053,366 filed Sep. 22, 2014; and U.S. Ser. No. 62 / 093,368 filed Dec. 17, 2014. U.S. Ser. No. 15 / 014,749 also claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 62 / 286,269 filed Jan. 22, 2016. Each of these applications are hereby incorporated into this disclosure in their entirety.FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE[0002]This disclosure relates to binding agents with specificity for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (e.g., human PD-1) and to methods for using the same to treat and / or prevent infection (e.g., by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)), cancer and / or autoimmunity.BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE[0003]As we enter the fourth decade of the HIV epidemic, significant advances have been made in the understanding of HIV pathogenesis and i...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C07K16/28
CPCC07K16/2818C07K2317/92C07K2317/76C07K2317/21C07K2317/24C07K2317/565C07K2317/33C07K2317/34A61K2039/507C07K2317/74C07K2317/75C07K16/1063C07K2317/31G01N33/6893
Inventor PANTALEO, GIUSEPPEFENWICK, CRAIG
Owner MABQUEST
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