An ice-lined
cold storage device, notably a vaccine storage device, is provided with an indication of simulated autonomy indicating the duration during which a
payload will be maintained below a pre-specified temperature without use of a cooling circuit to remove energy from the
cold storage device. The simulated autonomy is provided using a temperature model which uses data which is specific to the ice-lined
cold storage device and by: a) detecting an initial ambient temperature, an initial storage compartment temperature and an initial ice-lining temperature of the ice-lined cold storage device; b) running a first
simulation using the temperature model and using the initial ambient temperature, the initial storage compartment temperature and the initial ice-lining temperature to determine a first simulated storage compartment temperature after a first
simulation time step; c) running one or more subsequent simulations, each subsequent
simulation being run using the temperature model and using data created in a previous simulation, to determine a subsequent simulated storage compartment temperature after a subsequent simulation
time step; and d) determining the simulated autonomy of the ice-lined refrigerator using at least one of the subsequent simulated storage compartment temperature(s).