Method for comprehensively treating ecological environment of coal gangue hill

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for comprehensively treating the ecological environment of a coal gangue hill, which belongs to the field of mineral waste treatment and ecological environment restoration. The method mainly solves the problems of fire extinction, fire prevention and vegetation construction of the coal gangue hill. The method comprises the steps: the on-site reconnaissance of the coal gangue hill is carried out, and a construction operation plan is established; with fire prevention as principal and the combination of fire prevention and fire extinction, the fire prevention is crucial and is combined with the fire extinction, a thin layer of slurry is firstly sprayed on the coal gangue hill by a mechanical method to completely seal to form a sealing layer (8), transition slurry is sprayed on the sealing layer (8) to completely cover the sealing layer (8) to form a transition layer (9), slurry containing grass-shrub vegetation is spayed on the transition layer (9) to completely cover the transition layer (9) to form a planting layer (10); the contour line girdle band type operation in the spraying process is carried out from bottom to top to gradually and completely cover the hill, and different operating modes are selected according to practical conditions. The invention can not disturb the structure of the coal gangue hill, takes the fire prevention as the principal, combines the fire prevention with the fire extinction, has good and durable fire prevention effect, uses reliable and effective fire prevention and fire extinction measures as guarantee conditions to construct the planting layer, adopts grass-shrub plants, carries out hill sealing management and ensures vegetation restoration; in addition, the method uses the prior specialized mechanical devices to carry out construction operation, is easy to implement, has little difficulty, high efficiency and low investment and can ensure treatment effect.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of treatment of mineral waste and restoration of ecological environment, and relates to a method for comprehensive treatment of the ecological environment of coal gangue hills. Background technique [0002] Coal gangue is a black-gray rock that is associated with coal seams and is harder than coal during the coal-forming process. It is extracted during coal mining and coal washing. The calorific value of carbon-containing coal gangue is generally 800-1500 calories per gram. Inorganic components are mainly oxides of silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and iron and some rare metals. Coal gangue is the most generated industrial solid waste in my country, with an annual output of about 150 million tons, accounting for 15% or more of raw coal output, and accounting for more than 20% of the country’s total solid waste. Coal gangue produced in coal production is the largest Most of them are discharged by belt conveyors ext...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Since the 1960s, countries around the world have begun to take various measures to control related pollution, and gradually realized that building ecological vegetation is an effective way to eliminate the four major pollutions of coal gangue dumps. After 20 years of exploration in my country, there are about a dozen coal gangue dumps Mountains have been greened, but the effect is far from satisfactory. Some coal gangue hills that have been greened quietly caught fire, spontaneously combusted, and all previous efforts were wasted. , Disaster elimination, this difficult proposition, has not been effectively resolved, and it has not been combined with the construction of ecological vegetation as a guarantee condition

[0004] In the prior art, the preventive measures for coal gangue spontaneous combustion mainly include: the first, the method of eliminating combustibles, the combustibles to be removed are the inclusions of coal gangue, which is impossible under the existing technical conditions; second, the foam method , this method is very effective for explosive combustion, but it has little effect on the long spontaneous combustion incubation period and development period of coal gangue hills; third, the covering soil method, conventional covering soil is to rely on loose particles to block the holes of coal gangue hills, Gap, to achieve the purpose of reducing moisture infiltration, preventing oxidation and heating, and reducing air circulation to isolate the air. Semi-dry particles are used as the covering soil layer. Even if it has sufficient thickness and rolling strength, its density is small, so the sealing effect is poor. , is easy to lose, and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources; fourth, the method of digging out the fire source is like taking a chestnut from the fire, which is extremely dangerous, and it needs to cut mountains to fight the fire, which is almost impossible to carry out; fifth, the water injection method, water injection cooling will inevitably produce a large amount of loss Water pollution will also induce more coal gangue oxidation. Sixth, the grouting method is to drill holes in the combustion zone and inject an alkaline slurry containing soil with a solid content of 15% into the deep or shallow part with a grouting pipe. The evaporation and cooling of water and the oxygen barrier function of the material are used to extinguish fire and prevent flames; the first three are mainly fire prevention, and the latter three are targeted fire extinguishing measures, and it is generally believed that the grouting method is the most effective However, first, the process and actual operation of fire extinguishing are very difficult. The grouting is to infiltrate the holes and gaps near the burning zone to block the air by gravity fluidity and to achieve fire extinguishing by evaporation and cooling of water. The solid content of the slurry is only 15% %, the particles are easy to settle and gather to affect the grouting in place

2. There is no mature technology to operate, the construction process is complicated, random, and it is difficult to apply in a large area. 3. It is only implemented for fire fighting in the burning area of ​​coal gangue hills that have spontaneously ignited, and comprehensive management of fire prevention and ecological environment for coal gangue hills The holistic approach is not realistically applicable

[0005] In the existing technology, the methods for constructing ecological vegetation mainly focus on: first, the shaping and land preparation that is conducive to water storage and entropy conservation, such as building terraced fields in the mode of mountain land reclamation, and supporting water and soil conservation and drainage projects, but this will seriously disturb The structure naturally formed by the coal gangue hill disturbs the fine particles on the surface, exposes air-permeable pores, increases the speed and amount of water infiltration, intensifies the oxidation reaction and releases heat, which is not conducive to fire prevention. Second, adjust the sealing layer and Soil improvement is mainly to cover the surface of coal gangue hills and compact alkaline materials and soil, but it is difficult to form a covering and sealing layer by rolling, and the amount of work is large, and it is difficult to guarantee the rolling strength and fire prevention effect. 3. Cover the sealing layer with a certain thickness of suitable soil—that is, topsoil, which requires a large amount of work, a long construction period, and a large investment. Fourth, plant selection, configuration, and planting. From the perspective of the greened gangue hill Most of them take arbors, building roads and pavilions, and building landscapes as the ultimate goals. This not only costs a lot, but also violates the principle of closing mountains and afforestation in the ecological restoration theory, and there are great hidden dangers of disasters, because the main roots of arbors are damaged after transplanting. It is difficult to maintain the increasingly developed canopy. Over time, it is inevitable that the tree will fall and turn over, exposing the air-permeable pores. In addition, the root system of the tree goes deep into the inner layer to guide the water flow to penetrate, which is not conducive to fire prevention. Moreover, the tree will continue to increase the load on the mountain. Once the bottom of the mountain has burning holes, it will be impossible More importantly, the construction of ecological vegetation has not been guaranteed by reliable and effective fire prevention and fire extinguishing measures. Therefore, the results of comprehensive management of the ecological environment of coal gangue hills have not been satisfactory so far, and it is inevitable that all previous efforts will be wasted. worrying, thought-provoking

Images