Rail damage testing device and method based on three-way electromagnetism differential sensor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetism flaw detection applications in electromagnetism detecting techniques, relates to a rail damage testing device based on a three-way electromagnetism differential sensor, which comprises the three-way electromagnetism differential sensor, a signal processing circuit, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) control chip, and an upper computer, wherein the three-way electromagnetism differential sensor comprises a sensor bracket; three bifurcations in three directions are arranged at the front part of the bracket; each bifurcation is provided with a probe composed of a testing coil and an exciting coil, and the exciting coil is wound at the middle section of the bifurcation; the testing coil is coiled by a conducting wire and is divided into two parts with same winding turns and opposite coiling directions according to different coiling directions and positions so as to produce differential effects; and three probes are used for detecting whether a rail web, a rail jaw, and a rail chair are damaged respectively. Meanwhile, through the adoption of the device, the invention provides a rail damage testing method. The device has the advantages of simplicity, quickness, and lower cost.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the application field of electromagnetic flaw detection in electromagnetic detection technology, and in particular relates to a rail damage detection device and method based on a three-way electromagnetic differential sensor. Background technique [0002] Rail is a very important means of transportation in the modern transportation system, and it has an increasing impact on the national economy and people's lives. However, the continuous occurrence of rail accidents in recent years has caused people to pay attention to the safety of rail operations. In the rail accidents, a considerable part is due to the damage of the rails, which leads to uneven force on the rails, which makes the damage serious and eventually leads to irreparable accidents; Large economic loss, even life-threatening to passengers. However, due to material problems, strain, and quality problems during welding of the rails, the rails may be broken. Therefor...

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Problems solved by technology

Among them, although the inspection vehicle based on optics has higher precision, it is easily affected by snow, rain, and slippage of the optical axis, and it needs to be equipped with a special inspection locomotive, which is not only costly, but also affects the normal operation of the railway; ultrasonic detection The method is to use the principle of diffraction when ultrasonic waves encounter cracks. It can only accurately detect cracked rails, and the damage effect on the surface and interior of the rails is not very ideal. Based on manual damage detection, the requirements for manual experience are very high. And the workload is heavy, the efficiency is low, and the labor cost is high

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