Consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting method which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a consumable electrode from metal to be smelted, and concentrically welding below a transition electrode, thereby completing the step of manufacturing the electrode; mounting and fixing the electrode at the lower end of a lifting main shaft of a consumable electrode vacuum furnace, and feeding the electrode into a consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible, and performing abutting sealing and vacuuming operation on the shell of a vacuum chamber of the consumable electrode vacuum furnace; after vacuuming, electrifying the electrode so as to generate arched light power for smelting between the consumable electrode and an electric arc generation agent preset at the bottom of the crucible. The consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting method is characterized in that when the electrode is mounted, automatic centering of the electrode can be achieved through a pair of abutting structures which are in conical cylindrical matching at the upper end of the electrode and the lower end of the lifting main shaft, and subsequently the electrode can be clamped and fixed by using an electrode clamping device. The clamping centering and positioning method is precise and stable, simple and convenient to operate, high in electrode repeated positioning precision and rapid in speed, the artificial operation errors can be greatly reduced, and the working quality and efficiency can be greatly improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of vacuum furnace metallurgy industry, in particular to a vacuum consumable furnace smelting method. Background technique [0002] Vacuum consumable electrode electric arc furnace, referred to as vacuum consumable furnace smelting method, is an electric furnace that uses arc as a heat source to melt metal in a vacuum environment. It is mainly used for smelting refractory metals and rare metals, especially in the field of smelting titanium and titanium alloys. The structure of the vacuum consumable electrode electric arc furnace includes a furnace body with a built-in crucible. A sandwich cooling water chamber is arranged outside the crucible in the furnace body. A vacuum chamber shell is vertically arranged above the furnace body. In this system, the vacuum chamber casing is provided with an electrode vertically facing the crucible. The electrode includes a transition electrode located above and a consumable electrod...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

If the main shaft and the electrode are not concentric, there will be a certain angle between the center line of the electrode and the center line of the main shaft due to the action of gravity, and the mating surface will inevitably produce a matching gap. The poor cooperation between the main shaft and the transition electrode will cause a large number of arcing phenomena, which will affect the smelting current. , and it is easy to damage the lower end surface of the main shaft or the corresponding mating surface of the transition electrode, and the loss of the transition electrode is large

The existing vacuum consumable furnace smelting method mainly uses vertical fixtures for the clamping of the main shaft and the transition electrode. The disadvantage of this fixture is that it can only ensure the clamping position of the clamping head and the electrode, and cannot automatically center the electrode during the clamping installation. Therefore, the prior art design cannot conveniently meet the operation requirements of ensuring the centering of the electrode and the main shaft, as well as the successor and the crucible. In actual operation, in order to align the center, the operator often clamps it multiple times, and adjusts the alignment between the electrode and the crucible with multiple ups and downs, and can only judge the actual alignment amount by eyes. This method has low accuracy. , the human error is relatively large, and it is difficult to prevent the radial displacement between the axial direction of the electrode and the center line of the main shaft positioning and the center line of the crucible, which will cause the edge arc phenomenon caused by the poor centering of the electrode in the vacuum smelting to damage the crucible wall. The technical operation is complicated, the electrode repeat positioning accuracy is low, and the operation speed is slow. It is difficult to meet the requirements of batch replacement of electrodes and high-precision repeated rapid positioning during mass production, which greatly reduces production efficiency.

[0005] In addition, when the existing vacuum consumable furnace smelting method is smelted, the electrodes are inserted and installed and then energized and heated directly. In this way, if the new electrodes are not treated, the temperature will rise sharply and the phenomenon of bursting or falling off may occur; it affects safety and is more serious. The serious impact is that after the new electrode billet is blown into the molten pool, the temperature of the molten pool in the crystallizer will suddenly drop due to the excessive temperature difference between the end of the billet and the molten pool, breaking the normal melting environment

As a result, steel ingots have quality defects such as shells, slag grooves, uneven composition, and impurities, which seriously affect the smelting quality of steel ingots

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