[0037] Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described by examples.
[0038] A waste plastic single-screw extrusion granulation equipment, including a forced feeder connected to each other in sequence, a first-stage single-screw extruder, a second-stage single-screw extruder, a second-stage mesh-free die head, and a three-stage single-screw extruder Exit machine and three-stage non-replaceable screen die head;
[0039] The forced feeder includes an upper casing 1, a lower casing 2, a blade 3 and a transmission shaft 5; the upper opening of the upper casing 1 is a feed inlet, the lower opening of the lower casing 2 is a discharge opening, and the upper The casing 1 and the lower casing 2 are matched with each other, and the blades 3 and the transmission shaft 5 are arranged inside. The transmission shaft 5 is provided with six blades 3, and each blade is provided with four fan blades. The angles of the blades are staggered by 15 degrees, the difference between the four blades is 60 degrees, and the difference between the six blades is 360 degrees, forming a complete circle.
[0040] Both sides of the cylinder body of the forced feeder are respectively provided with an operation side bearing body 4 and a transmission side bearing body 6, the operation side bearing body 4 and the transmission side bearing body 6 are respectively provided with bearings, and the transmission shaft 5 is arranged on the cylinder body On the bearing 7 on both sides.
[0041] The blade of the forced feeder adopts an arc-shaped structure on the pressing surface, which ensures that the waste plastic can be continuously pressed into the feed inlet, and the excess plastic can be scraped out by the blade to prevent the feed inlet from being blocked And the feeder is stuck and the motor is burned.
[0042] The one-stage single-screw extruder includes a reducer-8, a feed port-9, a housing-10, a support 11, an electromagnetic heating coil-12, an exhaust port-14, a discharge port-15, and a support One 16, motor one 17 and extruder screw one 20, are provided with reducer one 8, support one 11 and motor one 17 on the support one 16, reducer one 8 and motor one 17 are connected with each other, reducer one 8 The output end is connected to the front end of the extruder screw 120 arranged on the support 11. The outer surface of the extruder screw 120 is provided with a shell 10, and the front end of the shell 10 is provided with a feed port 9. Port one 9 is connected with the discharge port of the forced feeder; shell one 10 is provided with electromagnetic heating coil one 12, shell one rear end is provided with exhaust port one 14, extruder screw rod one 20 rear end is provided with Outlet one 15; the length-to-diameter ratio of a single-screw extruder is 18.85.
[0043] The one-section single-screw extruder, the extruder screw is divided into four sections, which are respectively feeding section A, compression section B, metering section C, mixing section D, and exhaust section E; In the feeding section A, the exhaust port one 14 and the material outlet one 15 are matched in the exhaust section E. The bottom of the shell one corresponds to the position of the feeding section A, and is provided with a drain port one.
[0044] Described shell is longer, is divided into two sections, and the middle is connected as a whole by shell connecting flange-13.
[0045] Described motor one 17 is provided with motor belt pulley one 18, and speed reducer one 8 is provided with speed reducer pulley one 19, and speed reducer one 8 and motor one 17 are interconnected by belt.
[0046] Because the heating method of the old-fashioned screw extruder adopts the heating method of covering the shell of the extruder with mica sheets, the heat is slowly transferred from the shell to the screw, the transfer efficiency is low, and the heat transfer is uneven, which limits the outer diameter of the screw. size. The heating method of the single-screw extruder of the present invention adopts the heating method of the electromagnetic coil, the heating efficiency is high, the heat conduction is fast, the temperature difference between the shell and the screw is small, the temperature of the waste plastic in the screw is uniform, the plasticizing effect is good, and the electromagnetic heating coil The temperature can be controlled in different areas, which can accurately control the plasticizing effect of waste plastics and stabilize the product quality. Due to the use of electromagnetic heating, the heating effect is improved, and the diameter of the screw can be increased. The aspect ratio of a single-screw extruder is 18.85, which increases the output.
[0047] The two-stage single-screw extruder includes a reducer two 21, a feed port two 22, an extruder shell two 23, a support two 24, an electromagnetic heating coil two 25, an exhaust port two 26, and a discharge port Two 27, support two 28, motor two 29, extruder screw two 32; Support two is provided with speed reducer two, bearing two and motor two, speed reducer two and motor two are connected to each other, the output end of speed reducer two and two The front end of the second extruder screw set on the support 2 is connected, the outer surface of the extruder screw 2 is provided with a shell 2, and the front end of the second shell is provided with a feed port 2, and the feed port 2 is connected to a section of single-screw extruder The discharge port 1 is connected; the shell 2 is equipped with an electromagnetic heating coil 2, the rear end of the shell 2 is provided with an exhaust port 2, and the rear end of the extruder screw 2 is provided with a discharge port 2; the second-stage single-screw extruder The aspect ratio of the machine is 20.
[0048] In the two-stage single-screw extruder, the extruder screw is divided into four sections, which are respectively the feeding section F, the compression section G, the mixing section H, and the exhaust section I; the second feeding port is matched with the feeding section F, The second exhaust port and the second discharge port are matched in the exhaust section I.
[0049] The second motor is provided with a motor pulley 2 30, the reducer 2 is provided with a reducer pulley 2 31, and the reducer 2 and the motor 2 are connected to each other by a belt.
[0050] The main function of the two-stage extruder is to further mix and plasticize the waste plastics, make the waste plastics consistent, discharge the gas generated during the plasticization process, and enhance the compactness of the plastic particles.
[0051] The two-stage non-replacement die head includes a housing 433, a feed inlet 4, a slag discharge port, a slag discharge valve 434, a discharge port 36, a scraper deceleration motor 37, a scraper shaft 439, and a scraper 4 40. Sieve plate four 41 and lining plate four 42; the output shaft of the scraper reduction motor four 37 is connected with the scraper shaft four 39 in the housing four 33, and the scraper shaft four 39 is sequentially provided with scraper four 40, sieve plate four 41 and The lining plate 42; the sieve plate 41 divides the shell 33 into front and rear chambers, the front chamber of the shell is provided with the feed port 4 and the slag discharge port 4, and the slag discharge port 4 is provided with the slag discharge valve 4 34 , the feed port four is connected with the discharge port two 27 of the second-stage single-screw extruder; the rear cavity of the housing four 33 is provided with a discharge port four 36.
[0052] The scraper four 40 is fixed on the scraper shaft four 39 through the scraper lock nut four 38 .
[0053] The slag discharge valve 4 34 is connected with the slag discharge valve driving device 4 35 .
[0054] The aperture of the sieve plate is 20--30 mesh
[0055] The function of the two-stage non-replacement die head is to discharge impurities and large particles in the plasticized waste plastic of the two-stage single-screw extruder; the aperture of the sieve plate is generally selected to be 20-30 mesh.
[0056] After the plasticized waste plastic enters the shell 4, the scraper 4 rotates, and the large particles and impurities are scraped by the scraper 4, the slag discharge port 4, and the slag discharge valve drive device 4 of the slag discharge valve 4, which can be driven by electric drive, pneumatic or hydraulic pressure. Cylinder drive, the control method can adopt pressure sensor control and timing control; when the pressure sensor is used for control, when the pressure in the front cavity of the casing four reaches the set value, the slag discharge valve four will be opened to discharge impurities; when the timing control is adopted , according to the amount of impurities in the waste plastics, the opening and closing time of the slag discharge valve 4 can be freely controlled. Due to the use of automatic control valves, labor costs are saved, and accidents that the sieve plate is crushed due to excessive pressure due to manual untimely opening of the slag discharge valve are avoided.
[0057] After the plasticized plastic passes through the sieve plate 4, it passes through the liner plate 4. The main function of the liner plate 4 is to support the sieve plate 4 and avoid deformation and damage of the sieve plate 4. The plasticized plastic passing through liner four is collected into outlet four and enters the three-stage single-screw extruder.
[0058] The three-stage single-screw extruder includes a reducer three 43, a feed inlet three 44, a housing three 45, an electromagnetic heating coil three 46, a cooling water spray pipe 47, a support three 48, and a discharge port three 49, Support three 50, motor three 51 and extruder screw three 54; Support three are provided with speed reducer three, bearing three and motor three, speed reducer three and motor three are connected to each other, and the output end of speed reducer three is arranged on the support The front end of the extruder screw three on the seat three is connected, and the outer surface of the extruder screw three is provided with a shell three, and the front end of the shell three is provided with a feed port three, and the feed port three is connected with the outlet of the second-stage non-replacement die head. The material port four is connected; the shell three is provided with an electromagnetic heating coil three, and the rear end of the extruder screw three is provided with a discharge port three; the top of the shell three is provided with a cooling water spray pipe 47, and the three-stage single-screw extruder The aspect ratio is 11.3.
[0059] In the three-section single-screw extruder, the screw of the extruder is divided into three sections, which are feeding section J, compression section K, and metering section L; Metering section L.
[0060] The motor three is provided with a motor pulley three 52, and the reducer three is provided with a reducer pulley three 53, and the reducer three and the motor three are connected to each other by a belt.
[0061] The function of the three-stage single-screw extruder is to further mix and stir the waste plastics, so that the plastics of the waste plastics are consistent and the compactness of the plastic particles is enhanced. A cooling water pipe is installed on the top of the three-stage single-screw extruder to adjust the temperature of the plasticized plastic in the screw to meet the requirements of the process.
[0062] The three-stage non-replacement die head includes shell five 60, feed inlet five, slag discharge port five, slag discharge valve five 61, discharge port five 63, scraper deceleration motor five 64, scraper shaft five 59, scraper Five 56, sieve plate five 57 and liner plate five 58, the output shaft of the scraper deceleration motor five is connected with the scraper shaft five in the shell five, and the scraper shaft five is provided with scraper five, sieve plate five and liner plate five in sequence; Plate five divides shell five into front and rear chambers. The front chamber of shell five is provided with feed inlet five and slag discharge outlet five, and slag discharge outlet five is provided with slag discharge valve five. The discharge port three of the screw extruder is connected with 49; the rear cavity of the shell five is provided with a discharge port five.
[0063] The scraper five is fixed on the scraper shaft five by the scraper lock nut five 55 .
[0064] The slag discharge valve five is connected with the slag discharge valve driving device five 62 .
[0065] The aperture of the sieve plate is 30-40 mesh
[0066] The function of the three-stage non-replacement die head is to discharge impurities and large particles in the plasticized waste plastic of the three-stage single-screw extruder. The aperture of the sieve plate is generally selected to be 30-40 mesh.
[0067]After the plasticized waste plastic enters the shell 5, the scraper 5 rotates, and the large particles and impurities are scraped by the scraper 5 to the slag discharge port 5, and the slag discharge valve drive device 5 can be driven by electric drive, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, and the control mode Pressure sensor control and timing control can be used; when the pressure sensor is used for control, when the pressure in the front cavity of the casing five reaches the set value, the slag discharge valve five will be opened to discharge impurities; The amount of impurities contained in the slag discharge valve can be freely controlled to open and close the five doors of the slag discharge valve. Due to the use of automatic control valves, labor costs are saved, and accidents that the sieve plate is crushed due to excessive pressure due to manual untimely opening of the slag discharge valve are avoided.
[0068] After the plasticized plastic passes through the sieve plate 5, it passes through the liner plate 5. The main function of the liner plate 5 is to support the sieve plate 5 to avoid deformation and damage of the sieve plate.
[0069] The plasticized plastic passing through the liner five is collected to the discharge port five, and discharged to the inlet of the water ring pelletizer. After the plasticized plastic is granulated by the water ring granulator, it is discharged to the serpentine water tank for cooling; after being dehydrated by the dryer, it is transported to the jumping screen, and after being screened by the jumping screen, the qualified products are transported by the fan to the Weighing and packing system for weighing and packing.
[0070] A waste plastic single-screw extrusion granulation process is carried out by using the above-mentioned equipment, and the method is as follows:
[0071] ①The waste plastic after washing and dehydration is transported to the forced feeder by the conveyor belt, and the forced feeder evenly presses the waste plastic into the feed port 1 of a section of single-screw extruder; In the feeding section A, the water in the waste plastic is squeezed out and discharged from the bottom of a single-screw extruder; driven by the extruder screw 1, the waste plastic is compacted into the compression section B, and in the compression section B, the waste plastic The plastic is gradually plasticized; the plasticized waste plastic is squeezed into the metering section C, where the waste plastic is mixed and sheared; it enters the mixing section D to further plasticize the unplasticized waste plastic; When passing through the exhaust section E, the gas and impurities mixed in the waste plastic are discharged from the exhaust port, and the plasticized plastic after exhaust is continuously compressed and discharged from the discharge port;
[0072] ②The plasticized plastic discharged from the discharge port 1 directly enters the feeding section F of the second-stage single-screw extruder. Under the push of the extruder screw 2, the plasticized plastic reaches the compression section G and is further mixed and plasticized. After being compressed, it is extruded into the mixing section H to fully mix the plasticized plastic to further improve the plasticizing effect of the plastic; after the mixed plasticized plastic enters the exhaust section I, the gas in the plastic and Impurities are discharged from the second exhaust port, and the plasticized plastic is further compressed, and then reaches the second-stage screen-free die head at the second outlet of the second-stage single-screw extruder; in the second-stage screen-free die head, Larger particles and impurities are scraped by the scraper 4 on the screen plate 4 to the slag discharge port 4, and then discharged from the slag discharge port 4 at regular intervals; the rest of the plasticized plastic particles with smaller particles pass through the sieve plate 4 and are discharged from the discharge port 4;
[0073] ③The plasticized plastic discharged from the outlet four of the second-stage non-replacement die head enters the feeding section J of the three-stage single-screw extruder. The plasticized plastic is fully stirred, mixed uniformly, and further compressed to increase the density of the plastic particles; the uniformly mixed plasticized plastic is pushed to the metering section L by the screw three of the extruder, and in the metering section L, the plasticized plastic The melted plastic is evenly discharged to the three-stage non-replaceable screen die head, and the larger particles and impurities are scraped to the slag discharge port 5 by the scraper 5 on the screen plate 5, and are discharged from the slag discharge port 5 at regular intervals; the rest of the smaller particles The plasticized plastic passes through the sieve plate five and is discharged from the discharge port five for granulation.
[0074] The plasticized plastic discharged from the three-stage mesh-free die head enters the water ring granulator, and the plastic is extruded from the sieve plate hole of the water ring granulator, and is cut into plastic particles by the scraper on the sieve plate, and then rotates at a high speed. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the scraper, the particles are thrown into the water ring on the cylinder to be cooled and solidified. With the flow of the water ring, the solidified plastic particles flow out and enter the serpentine water tank for further cooling; The plastic granules enter the drying machine and are dehydrated. The dehydrated granules enter the sieve for sorting according to the size of the granules, and then enter the automatic weighing and packing machine for sealing and packaging.
