Lamellar structure
A layered structure and cross-linking agent technology, which is applied in the manufacture of hybrid/electric double layer capacitors, conductors, fixed capacitor parts, etc., can solve problems such as low density and insufficient high-performance energy storage
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[0200] The polymer precursor starvation conditions or crosslinker starvation conditions can be used to form specific polymer structures. Depending on the type of polymer precursor, polymer precursor deficient conditions or crosslinker deficient conditions may also be required. For example, to form sheets with a specific structure, it may be useful to polymerize a polymer precursor to form a specific oligomer, and then further polymerize the oligomer to form a specific polymer, such as nanochains. The term "polymer precursor starvation conditions" as used herein also applies to embodiments where two or more polymer precursors are used, eg polymer precursors A and B. In these embodiments, polymer precursors A and B may be deficient with respect to the multivalent crosslinker. Alternatively, polymer precursor A may be deficient relative to polymer precursor B, or vice versa. In one embodiment, the polymer precursor is added to the polyvalent Lewis acid crosslinker over a define...
Embodiment 1
[0218] 1. Method
[0219] 1.1 Chemicals
[0220] Aniline (>99.5%), Ammonium metatungstate (99%), Ammonium molybdate (99.8), Ammonium persulfate (>98%), Sulfuric acid (98%), Li 2 SO 4 (99%),Na 2 SO 4 (99%), K 2 SO 4 (99%), Rb 2 SO 4 (99.8%), Cs 2 SO 4 (99.8%), MgSO 4 (99%), and KCl (99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All chemicals were used directly without further purification. Deionized water (18 MΩ) was provided by Millipore System.
[0221] 1.2. Synthesis of tungstic acid-linked oxidation state (TALP)
[0222] Aniline (372 mg) was dissolved in 0.2M aqueous sulfuric acid (20 mL) to obtain Solution A. Ammonium metatungstate (500 mg) and ammonium persulfate (1362 mg) were dissolved in deionized water (20 mL) to obtain solution B. . The aqueous solutions A and B were mixed dropwise. The obtained solution was continuously stirred at room temperature (25° C.) for 24 hours. The reaction was terminated by filtering the solid product from solution. The solid w...
Embodiment 2
[0269] 1. Method
[0270] 1.1 TALP preparation
[0271] In a jacketed reaction beaker, 7.5ml of 2M H 2 SO 4 Dilute to 100 mL, then add 0.93 mL of aniline solution to the beaker to prepare as 0.15 m H 2 SO 4 Solution A of mixed solution with 0.1M aniline. The reaction temperature was controlled at about 5 °C by using a circulating water bath, and solution A was continuously stirred by a magnetic stirrer.
[0272] Weigh 4.56g ammonium persulfate (APS) and 1.365g ammonium metatungstate (AMT) respectively and then add 100ml deionized water to the beaker to prepare 0.2M ammonium persulfate (APS) and 0.05M ammonium metatungstate (AMT) Solution B of the mixed solution. Then, the mixed solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer until a transparent solution B was obtained.
[0273] Solution B was added to solution A with a syringe pump. Under the condition of continuous stirring for 48 h, the temperature was controlled at about 5 °C by circulating water bath. The TALP samples ...
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