Spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization solar full-spectrum utilization device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a spectrum and light intensity collaborative optimization solar full-spectrum complementary utilization device. The device comprises a light condensation assembly for gatheringsunlight, a frequency division assembly which is located on a light condensation line of the light condensation assembly and divides an incident light source into a first light beam for the efficientutilization of a photovoltaic cell and a second light beam used according to conditions, a reactor which is positioned at or near the focal point of the light path of the second light beam separated by the frequency division assembly, is used for receiving the second light beam separated by the frequency division assembly, and is also used as a place for preparing a reaction product, and a photovoltaic cell which is positioned at or near the focus of the light path of the first light beam separated by the frequency division assembly, and is used for receiving the first light beam separated bythe frequency division assembly and generating power for utilization. The first light beam is converted into electric energy through the photovoltaic cell, and the remaining second light beam is converted into heat energy or other forms of energy through the reactor according to the reaction type, so that the full-spectrum utilization and gradient utilization of solar energy are realized.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, in particular to a device and a method for preparing chemical products by complementary solar energy full-spectrum with coordinated optimization of spectrum and light intensity. Background technique [0002] In order to cope with environmental problems and energy crises, solar energy has received more and more attention as a huge amount of renewable green energy. At present, the solar energy utilization technologies that have more application prospects mainly include photovoltaic technology and photothermal technology. [0003] Solar photovoltaic utilization technology is to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect of solar photovoltaic cells, and its advantage is that it can directly convert part of the sunlight into high-quality electrical energy. However, due to the limitation of the band gap of semiconductor materials, such as Picture 10 As shown, the sunlight that photovolta...

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Problems solved by technology

[0011] Hydrogen production by solar photovoltaic electrolysis of water has the advantages of mature technology, simple equipment, no pollution, high purity hydrogen and low impurity content, and is suitable for various occasions. The hydrogen production cost of the technology is high, and generally requires noble metal catalysts

When the source of electric energy is not considered, the efficiency of electrolytic water technology can reach 90%, but considering the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells, the energy utilization efficiency of solar photovoltaic electrolytic water electrolysis for hydrogen production is actually less than 30%.

[0019] 1. The single solar energy utilization method faces the problems of low efficiency and high cost

Solar photovoltaic power generation technology cannot use the full spectrum of the sun, the power generation efficiency is below 20%, and more than 80% of solar energy is converted into low-temperature heat energy and wasted into the environment; The loss of radiation and heat dissipation is large, resulting in a large amount of available energy in solar energy being wasted. If the thermal energy is further converted into electrical energy, part of the available energy will be wasted in the process, and finally the efficiency of solar thermal power generation is generally below 15%.

[0020] 2. In solar photovoltaic waste heat utilization technology, the solar spectrum that cannot be converted into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells is also projected onto the surface of photovoltaic cells and converted into low-grade heat energy. During the process, most of the available energy in solar energy is wasted and low-grade The use of thermal energy is of little value, and the efficiency of photovoltaic cells decreases due to temperature rise

[0021] 3. Existing solar frequency-division photovoltaic photothermal utilization technology only divides the long-wave frequency that cannot be used by photovoltaic cells to the photothermal utilization part, and does not pay attention to the short-wave sunlight that cannot be efficiently utilized by photovoltaics.

[0022] 4. When the concentrated (frequency divided) sunlight reaches the surface of the photovoltaic cell, if the surface of the cell is at the focal point, the photovoltaic cell may be damaged due to excessive light

[0023] 5. After frequency division, the sunlight energy used for photothermal utilization has been reduced when it reaches the photothermal utilization device, and because the reactor (heat collector) will radiate and dissipate the full spectrum to the outside due to its own high temperature, this leads to Most of the sunlight energy that reaches the reactor (heat collector) is lost through radiation and heat dissipation, which further reduces the photothermal efficiency. Therefore, under certain weather conditions, such as cloudy weather, the sunlight after concentration and frequency division Reduced photothermal efficiency due to insufficient light

[0024] 6. Regardless of whether it is a single utilization of solar energy or a comprehensive utilization, the solar energy will be discontinuous and unstable due to the influence of sunlight.

[0026] 7. Only using solar photovoltaic electrochemical technology to convert solar energy into fuel or other products (such as solar photovoltaic electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen), cannot use the full spectrum of solar energy, more than 80% of solar energy is converted into low-temperature heat energy, and the energy conversion efficiency is below 20%. , and, to carry out electrochemical reactions (such as electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen) under low temperature conditions, high potential barriers need to be overcome, and noble metal catalysts are required;

Moreover, the current frequency division technology focuses on the utilization of short-wave solar energy for photovoltaic power generation, while insufficient attention is paid to the utilization of long-wave

The energy flux density of the long-wave beam used for the photothermal part after frequency division is reduced, which makes the solar heat collection capacity decrease when this part of the beam is used alone for thermochemical reactions or the heat collection efficiency at high temperatures is reduced, resulting in long-wavelength beams after frequency division. The solar energy utilization efficiency is low, and if the long-wave light beam is used for the photocatalytic reaction alone, because it is mainly long-wave, the photon energy is low, which is not enough for the electrons in the valence band to be excited to the conduction band, which also leads to the solar energy utilization efficiency of this part. low

[0031] 12. At present, the solar energy complementary preparation fuel or other product system realized by frequency division technology has not realized the storage of all solar energy, and the electric energy and thermal energy supplied by the system are still unstable, and the system depends on the surrounding heat users and the power grid for operation, which greatly Limits the scope of the technology

[0032] 13. The existing frequency-division solar energy utilization technology does not consider the complementarity of electric energy, high-temperature heat energy, photovoltaic waste heat or other forms of energy generated by full-spectrum solar energy in terms of grades, nor does it consider the different roles of several types of energy in the process of preparing chemical products. Therefore, the existing frequency-division solar energy utilization technology has problems of incorrect grade and energy mismatch in the energy utilization process, which fundamentally leads to the occurrence of low energy utilization efficiency of the frequency-division solar energy utilization technology.

[0033] 14. In the traditional solar frequency division technology, spectral frequency division and energy distribution are coupled together, and the two are often contradictory. There may be a mismatch between various energy ratios and the optimal energy ratios required for the process of preparing chemical fuels

The mismatch of energy on both sides will lead to energy loss in the process of converting solar energy into chemical energy, reducing the utilization efficiency of solar energy

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