Analytical system and method

Abstract

An analytical or preparatory system comprised as a base unit, an adapter, and a substrate. The adapter is attached to an attachment region on the base unit, and the substrate is attached to an attachment region on the adapter. The adapter permits the base unit to be interfaced with a wide variety of different substrates to perform chemical and biological analytical analyses and preparatory procedures.

Description

ANALYTICAL SYSTEM AND METHOD[0001] This application is a continuation of Application Ser. No. 09 / 243,670, filed Feb. 2, 1999, which is a continuation of Application Ser. No. 08 / 911,310, filed Aug. 14, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,028, which is a continuation-in-part of Application Ser. No. 08 / 691,632, filed on Aug. 2, 1996, the full disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.[0002] 1. Field of the Invention[0003] The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for performing chemical and biological analyses. More particularly, the present invention relates to the design and use of an analyzer system which employs analytical substrates evaluated in a base unit, where an adapter is used as an interface between the substrate and the base unit.[0004] Numerous systems and instruments are available for performing chemical, clinical, and environmental analyses of chemical and biological specimens. Conventional systems may employ a variety of detection devices...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0018] Although described thus far as a three-tiered system, it should be understood that the additional components or "tiers" could be utilized. For example, additional carriers or adapters could be utilized for providing additional interface(s), such as a carrier for the sample substrate, where the carrier would be mounted within or attached to the adapter which is received on the base unit. Similarly, the attachment region in the base unit which receives the adapter may comprise a discrete component which is itself removably or permanently affixed to the base unit. Formation of the attachment region using a discrete component is advantageous since it facilitates standardization of the system. For example, the adapter-attachment region component could be manufactured separately, optionally at a single location, and / or otherwise prepared to strict specifications, both of which would help assure that the base units which incorporate such standardized attachment regions will be compatible with all corresponding adapters. The standardized adapter-attachment region could also be adapted to interconnect with other components of the base unit, such as heaters, cooling blocks, pin connections, and the like, thus facilitating interface with these elements. Thus, systems having four or more tiers fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0019] In a second aspect of the present invention, the analytical system comprises a base unit and a sample substrate, generally as described above. An adapter is configured to be removably attached to the attachment region of the base unit and includes an attachment region to removably receive the sample substrate. The adapter holds the sample substrate in a fixed position relative to the base unit and provides either (i) a connection path from an interface component in the base interface array to the substrate or (ii) a connection path from an interface component in the sample substrate array to the base unit. In this aspect of the present invention, the adapter can act primarily to position a sample substrate relative to the interface array in the base unit. For example, if the base unit interface array includes a light source and / or light detector, the adapter can properly position the sample substrate relative to the light source / detector in order to perform a desired measurement. The adapter could optionally but not necessarily provide further interface capabilities between the sample substrate and the base unit.

[0021] The base unit may be self-contained, i.e. it may include all digital and / or analog circuitry as well as user input / output interfaces which are necessary for controlling an assay and producing assay results from the system. Often, however, it will be preferable to interface the base unit with a general purpose or conventional computer, where the computer can provide some or all of the control analysis, and / or reporting function(s) as well as some or all of the user interface. Usually, the computer will be a standard personal computer or workstation which operates on a standard operating system, such as DOS, Windows.RTM. 95, Windows.RTM. NT, UNIX, Macintosh, and the like. The computer will be able to provide a number of standard user input devices, such as a keyboard, hard disk, floppy disk, CD reader, as well as user outputs, such as screens, printers, floppy disks, writable CD output, and the like. Use of the computer is particularly advantageous since it can significantly reduce the cost of the base unit and allow significant upgrading of the computer component of the system while using the same base unit. Despite these advantages, in some instances it may be desirable to incorporate the interface and digital circuitry of a computer into the base unit of the present invention, allowing all of the capabilities of a conventional digital computer, but with perhaps less flexibility.

Problems solved by technology

In other cases, however, the base interface array on the base unit may be more complex, including for example light sources, detectors, and / or high voltage power, and the adapter will be less sophisticated, often acting primarily to position the sample substrate relative to interface components on the base unit, channeling voltages, and allowing direct communication between the base unit and the sample substrate.

The adapter could optionally but not necessarily provide further interface capabilities between the sample substrate and the base unit.

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