Method of epitope discovery

a technology of target cells and epitopes, applied in the field of target cell antigen identification, can solve the problems of host death, unable to effectively administer minimal epitopes for use as viral vaccines, and the ability of evading the immune system of the host,

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-03-31
MANNKIND CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0031] The invention disclosed herein is directed to the identification of epitopes that are useful for generating vaccines capable of inducing an immune response from a subject to whom the compositions have been administered. One embodiment of the invention relates to a method of epitope discovery comprising the step of selecting an epitope from a population of peptide fragments of an antigen associated with a target cell, wherein the fragments have a known or predicted affinity for a major histocompatibility complex class I receptor peptide binding cleft, wherein the epitope selected corresponds to a proteasome cleavage product of the target cell.

Problems solved by technology

The resulting neoplastic cell rapidly reproduces itself, forms one or more tumors, and eventually may cause the death of the host.
Notwithstanding these advances, the selection and effective administration of minimal epitopes for use as viral vaccines has remained problematic.
In addition to the difficulties involved in epitope selection stands the problem of viruses that have evolved the capability of evading a host's immune system.
However, unlike B lymphocytes, T cells do not respond to antigens in a free or soluble form.
Unfortunately, the results to date have been largely disappointing.
Unfortunately, neoplastic cells appear to be ignored by the host's immune system.
There have been several therapeutic trials using MAGE-A1 peptides for vaccination, although the effectiveness of the vaccination regimes was limited.
In spite of the various efforts expended to date to generate efficacious anticancer vaccines, no such composition has yet been developed.
However, many of the subunit formulations are particularly poor at generating a CTL response.

Method used

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Examples

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example 1

Purification of Proteasome Complexes

[0102] A. Proteasome Complexes from Blood Cells

[0103] Concentrated erythrocyte bags were obtained from a local blood bank, (HemaCare, Van Nuys, Calif.). The contents of each bag were poured into 200 ml centrifuge tubes and washed 3 times with PBS by centrifugation at 2000 RPM for 10 minutes at room temperature in a swinging bucket rotor of a Megafuge 2.0 (Heraeus, Southplainfield, N.J.). After the last wash the samples were pooled in one container, to minimize variability among tubes, and then re-divided into several centrifuge tubes. The cells were centrifuged again at 2000 RPM for 10 min. The residual PBS was aspirated. The pellet was stored at −70° C. until use.

[0104] B. Proteasome Complexes from Tumor Cells

[0105] Raji cells, a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, were obtained from ATCC, (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va.). The cells were grown using standard cell culture methods and stimulated with INF-Gamma (100-500 U / ml) (Pharmin...

example 2

Generation of Predicted MHC I Peptide Cleft Binding Peptides Using Algorithmic Modeling

[0177] A population of candidate MHC I binding peptides, generated from the amino acid sequence of human carcinoembryonic antigen precursor (CEA) (GENBANK ACCESSION P06731), was produced using an algorithm. The particular algorithm is available at >, as discussed above and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Once the algorithm was accessed, the amino acid sequence for CEA was provided. Next, parameters for the length of the epitope (decamers) and the particular MHC allele (H2-Db) of interest were selected. Following this, the data were submitted for algorithmic analysis. The resulting data are shown in Table II.

TABLE IIFragments of CEA having PredictedAffinity for H2-DbSeq IdPOS1234567890Scoreno+HZ,1 / 32547LQLSNGNRTL261369LQLSNDNRTL262191LQLSNGNRTL26353LLVHNLPQHL264371LSNDNRTLTL255549LSNGNRTLTL246193LSNGNRTLTL247299CQAHNSDTGL238100IIYPNASLLI219578SANRSDPVTL1910576SVSANRSDPV1911504S...

example 3

Digestion of Peptide Precursors Using Immune and Housekeeping Proteasomes to Determine Fragments Produced by Proteolytic Digestion

[0179] Peptides were synthesized using a 433A ABI synthesizer. Peptides were produced in 0.25 mmole quantities using Fastmoc chemistry. The peptides were tested for solubility and once solubilized, a 2 mM solution was prepared and divided into ˜25-30 μL aliquots which were stored at −20° C. for future use. Timed digest reactions, typically consisting of 2 μl of peptide and 4 μl of proteasome, were conducted with t=0 as a control and an incubation of the peptide with water instead of the proteasome as a further control. The reaction was carried out at 37° C. and ended by the addition of 10% TFA (trifluroacetic acid) on dry ice. The frozen samples were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy (MS) as described in Example 4, below.

[0180] An optional desalting step can be performed on the digests prior to MS analysis using the ZIP-TIP method (Millipore,...

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Abstract

A method of epitope discovery comprising the step of selecting an epitope from a population of peptide fragments of an antigen associated with a target cell, wherein the fragments have a known or predicted affinity for a major histocompatibility complex class I receptor peptide binding cleft, wherein the epitope selected corresponds to a proteasome cleavage product of the target cell.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09 / 561,074, filed on Apr. 28, 2000, entitled “METHOD OF EPITOPE DISCOVERY;” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The invention disclosed below relates to the identification of target cell antigens that can be used to generate immunologically active compositions. These compositions, when administered, will stimulate the immune system of a subject to mount an immune response against a target cell displaying the target antigen. The invention is contemplated to have utility in the treatment and prevention of neoplastic and viral disease. [0004] 2. Description of the Related Art [0005] Neoplasia and the Immune System [0006] The neoplastic disease state commonly known as cancer is thought to generally result from a single cell growing out of...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K39/00C12N5/08
CPCA61K2039/5158A61K39/0011A61K39/001106A61K39/001151A61K39/001156A61K39/001164A61K39/001182A61K39/001184A61K39/001186A61K39/001188A61K39/001189A61K39/001191A61K39/001192A61K39/001194Y02A50/30
Inventor SIMARD, JOHNDIAMOND, DAVID
Owner MANNKIND CORP
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