75 results about "Avalanche effect" patented technology

The invention discloses an interface processing method, an interface processing device, a storage medium and a processor. The method comprises the steps of collecting monitored data acquired by monitoring a target interface; processing the monitored data to acquire a target parameter, wherein the target parameter is used for detecting whether the target interface generates a target event, whereinthe target event is used for controlling a service corresponding to the target interface to be in a first state; executing target operation when the condition that the target interface generates the target event is detected via the target parameter; controlling the service corresponding to the target interface to be in a second state after the target operation is performed on the target interface.According to the method and the device provided by the invention, the effect of effectively avoiding an avalanche effect generated based on interface monitoring is achieved.

A semiconductor photodiode (18) is formed as a pn-junction between a region (2) of a first conductivity type and a region (6) of a second conductivity type. The region (6) of the second conductivity type is approximately hemispherical. A mini guard ring (8), i.e. a ring of the second conductivity type having a junction depth that is much smaller than the junction depth of the region (6) preferably surrounds the region (6) in order to prevent surface trapping. The photodiode (18) is operated with a high reverse bias so that light falling on the photodiode (18) produces the avalanche effect.

The invention discloses an avalanche photodetector and a method for increasing high frequency characteristics of the avalanche photodetector. The avalanche photodetector is used for detecting target detecting light and comprises an absorbing layer (8), a first charge layer (61), a multiplication layer (5), a second charge layer (62) and a transition layer which are arrayed in turn along the longitudinal direction, wherein the absorbing layer (8) is used for absorbing the target detecting light and converting photons of the target detecting light into photo-produced free carrier pairs; the first charge layer (61) is used for regulating and controlling the electric field distribution in a device; the multiplication layer (5) is used for causing the free carriers entering into the multiplication layer to trigger an avalanche effect and generate avalanche carrier pairs; and one type of carrier in the avalanche carrier pairs longitudinally drifts to one end of the avalanche photodetector through the transition layer (9). The avalanche photodetector can better regulate the capacitance of the avalanche photodetector and the transition time of the carriers and is beneficial to the increasing of the high frequency characteristics of the avalanche photodetector.

A QWIP structure is disclosed that is configured with enhanced optical coupling to improve absorption capability and efficiency. A waffle-type light-coupling grating having a pattern of etched wells operates to improve absorption by preventing photons from bouncing out of the detector sensing areas. A post-type light coupling grating can also be used. Parameters of the grating, including its orientation, pitch, and etch depth, can be adjusted to optimize specific color detection. The grating can include a hybrid metal layer including both ohmic and reflective qualities to further improve quantum and conversion efficiency. A “photon-in-a-box” configuration is also disclosed, where sides of the QWIP sensing areas are coated with reflective metal to further inhibit the escaping of photons. The material design and number of quantum wells per QWIP can be selected so as to exploit the avalanche effect, thereby increasing device responsivity.

The invention discloses a method for converting a Petri net model to a PLC ladder diagram in a workshop manufacturing system. The method comprises the steps of firstly, performing modeling on the workshop manufacturing system by using a Petri net, and converting the Petri net model into a ladder diagram corresponding to a common PLC in an industrial control system; dividing the PLC ladder diagram of the Petri net model of the system into three modules including an initialization module, a detection module and an evolution module. The initialization module is used for transmitting an initial state M0 of the Petri net to the ladder diagram, namely, transmitting initial token information of the Petri net model to a corresponding coil or adder. The detection module is used for detecting enable information of each transition, judging priorities of conflict transitions, solving conflict problems and avoiding avalanche effects structurally. The evolution module is used for receiving the information transmitted by the detection module, transmitting enabled transitions and updating a token number of each library. According to the method, the workshop manufacturing system is taken as an object, and the conflict problems and the avalanche effects in the process of converting the Petri net of the system to the PLC ladder diagram are solved and eliminated.

The invention discloses an avalanche photodetector used for detecting target detection light. The avalanche photodetector comprises an absorbing layer (3), a first electric charge layer (41), a multiplication layer (5), a second electric charge layer (42) and a transition layer (6), wherein the first electric charge layer (41) is N-type doping, and the second electric charge layer (42) is P-type doping. The absorbing layer (3) is used for absorbing the target detection light and converting photons into photoproduction free carrier pairs; the first electric charge layer (41) is used for regulating and controlling the internal electrical field distribution of a device; the multiplication layer (5) is used for enabling the free carriers entering the multiplication layer to initiate avalanche effect, avalanche carrier pairs are accordingly produced, holes in the avalanche carrier pairs longitudinally drift to one end of the avalanche photodetector via the transition layer (6). The avalanche photodetector and method for improving the high frequency characteristic thereof can better regulate the transition time of the carriers and capacitors of the avalanche photodetector and facilitate the improvement of the high frequency characteristic.

An embodiment of the present invention includes a fax communication system for communicating fax information between a first fax machine having error correction capability and a second fax machine. The first and second fax machines are coupled to communicate with one another across a packet switching network. A network device is coupled to received fax information from the first fax machine and accumulates a portion of the fax information and stalls the second fax machine while accumulating the fax information portion until the latter is transmitted to the second fax machine free of errors across the packet switching network. Accordingly, information traffic across the packet switching network is decreased thereby avoiding a network avalanche effect.

The present invention provides a multimedia encryption and decryption method based on a combination cell automatic machine, belonging to the multimedia encryption field. The encryption method comprises the following steps: a pseudo-random number generator generates two random sequences; a data preprocessing step is performed; a reversible cell automatic machine step is performed; and a cell automatic machine evolution step and a determination step are performed: it is determined whether the encrypted cryptograph accords with an avalanche effect or not, if the encrypted cryptograph does not accord with the avalanche effect, the cell automatic machine is employed for going on evolution, and if the encrypted cryptograph accords with the avalanche effect, the evolution is stopped to obtain the cryptograph of a plaintext. The present invention further provides a decryption method corresponding to the multimedia encryption method. The cell automatic machine is employed to perform multimedia encryption, the multimedia encryption and decryption method based on the combination cell automatic machine are simple and easy to programme, can perform association of the plaintext data and the encryption key, are higher in safety, and can effectively improve the safety of the encryption algorithm and the encryption efficiency.

NADO Cryptography Using One-way Functions is a symmetric cryptography for encrypting and decrypting information. The NADO process introduces some novel concepts and methods to cryptography: (1) The notion of a key generator is presented that eliminates the dependence of the cryptographic security on a single, static cryptography key. (2) A key generator updating method built with one-way functions exhibiting the avalanche effect that generates an unpredictable sequence of keys as the encryption or decryption algorithm executes; (3) An sequence of unpredictable permutations that diffuse the informations across the whole block. (4) An sequence of unpredictable permutations that act as substitution boxes. (4) The use of key generator updating and one-way functions that exploit the avalanche effect to update the permutations in (3) and (4). NADO using one-way functions can be implemented efficiently in hardware or in software.

A photodetector disclosed herein comprises an avalanche transistor having a reference junction structure in which temperature characteristics of a current amplification factor are about the same as those of an avalanche photodiode and which is reverse-biased, and a current injection junction structure which injects a reference current to the reference junction structure and which is forward-biased. Voltages to be applied to the avalanche photodiode and the reference junction structure are controlled so that the amplification factor of the reference current amplified in the reference junction structure is retained at a predetermined value, whereby the temperature characteristics of the photodetector utilizing an avalanche effect can be stabilized.

An integrated circuit having a voltage generator supplying a determined voltage, a voltage-limiting circuit arranged at the output of the voltage generator, the voltage-limiting circuit having at least one PN junction formed by a diode-arranged MOS transistor, the PN junction having a breakdown voltage defining a threshold for triggering the voltage-limiting circuit as from which the PN junction is on by avalanche effect, at least one load in series with the PN junction for limiting an avalanche current passing through the PN junction when the PN junction is on, and at least one switch in parallel with the PN junction and the load, the switch arranged in the open state when the PN junction is off and to be in the closed state when the PN junction is on.

An ESD protection structure includes, in part, a NMOS transistor having a source and drain in a well in a substrate and a gate on the substrate with the source and drain being connected between ground and a series diode, and the gate being connected to ground. The structure further includes a diode having a cathode connected to the input pad and an anode connected to the well so that the diode is reverse-biased in the event of a positive voltage ESD event on the input pad. As a result, in a positive voltage ESD event, the avalanche effect rapidly injects current into the substrate and therefore into the base of the parasitic bipolar transistor so as to trigger the transistor into conduction and discharge the ESD pulse. Alternatively, the diode is a Zener diode and the current is generated by the Zener effect. A complementary structure provides protection against a negative ESD pulse.

The invention provides an implementation method for preventing an avalanche effect of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) registration. The implementation method comprises the following steps of: adding IMS account numbers into a circular registration queue; then registering a first IMS account number at the head of the registration queue in sequence and setting maximum waiting duration; if a response of a registration server is received in the maximum waiting duration, removing the IMS account number from the head of the circular registration queue, and immediately registering the next IMS account number in the circular registration queue; and if no response is received in the maximum waiting duration, stopping registering the IMS account number, and inserting the IMS account number into the tail of the circular registration queue and waiting the next registration choice; and doing the steps repeatedly till the circular registration queue is empty. Therefore, according to the implementation method disclosed by the invention, the avalanche effect of the IMS registration is prevented, all IMS account numbers can be registered as fast as possible, and the total registration time is shortened.

The invention, which belongs to the photoelectric detection field, discloses a pixel circuit for a three-dimensional imaging chip. The pixel circuit comprises a single-photon avalanche diode, a passive quenching active recharging circuit, a multi-path selection switch, and two counters. To be specific, the single-photon avalanche diode is used for detecting photon information. The passive quenching active recharging circuit connected with the single-photon avalanche diode is used for detecting an avalanche effect caused by arriving a photon and recharging the single-photon avalanche diode after avalanche effect detection, so that the voltages at the two ends recover to a Geiger working mode and thus a photon arriving at next time can be detected conveniently. The multi-path selection switch is used for transmitting avalanche pulses converted by the passive quenching active recharging circuit respectively in a time-sharing mode to a follow-up processing circuit. The two counters are used for recording the number of conversion from photons to avalanche pulses, wherein the number is recorded within one exposure period; and an output terminal of each counter is connected with a three-state-gate switch. According to the invention, the pixel circuit has advantages of high sensitivity and fast detection speed.

The invention discloses a load balancing method, system and device and a storage medium, and relates to the Internet technology, and the method comprises the following steps: calling a hash function according to a user identifier and a user address to calculate a hash value corresponding to an access request; searching a virtual node with the closest hash value in a pre-established hash ring in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction according to the hash value to obtain a target virtual node, wherein the hash ring comprises a plurality of virtual nodes, each virtual node corresponds to one server node, the number of the server nodes is multiple, each server node corresponds to a plurality of virtual nodes, and the plurality of virtual nodes are randomly distributed on the hash ring; and returning the access address of the server node corresponding to the target virtual node to the client. According to the scheme, load balancing can be realized, and the possibility of an avalanche effect is reduced.

The invention discloses a data management method, which is executed by a metadata system, and comprises the following steps: responding to an offline data task output result table of a data warehouse,executing a data quality check task on the result table to obtain a check result; judging whether the verification result is verification failure or not; in response to the fact that the verificationresult is verification failure, determining a task node with verification failure, and judging whether the task node with verification failure is configured with a first alarm mode or not; wherein the first alarm mode is used for indicating whether the task node is a key task node; and in response to the fact that the task node which fails in verification is configured with a first alarm mode, sending an interrupt signal to the data warehouse so as to enable the data warehouse to interrupt execution of the offline data task. According to the data management method provided by the invention, the data management efficiency can be improved, the avalanche effect of downstream tasks is prevented, and the problem of large-area data is avoided. Meanwhile, the invention further provides a data management device, a storage medium and a system.

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method and equipment for deploying a logical node with a successor backup relationship. The method includes: step 1, obtaining the logical node to be allocated and the physical node carrying the logical node; step 2, for any bearer The physical nodes of the plurality of logical nodes are configured to carry the subsequent backup relationship of the plurality of logical nodes to point to other different physical nodes respectively. The invention solves backup failure and avalanche effect caused by physical node failure.

The invention discloses a complete avalanche 4 * 4 S box implementation method, wherein x0, x1, x2 and x3 are inputs of the S box, s0, s1, s2 and s3 are outputs of the S box, and the first part is a nonlinear layer and comprises eight function operations of Fa0, Fa1, Fa2, Fa3, Fb0, Fb1, Fb2 and Fb3 and four xor operations; and the second part is a diffusion layer and comprises two function operations of F0 and F1 and four exclusive-OR operations. The output values y0, y1, y2 and y3 of the nonlinear layer are optimal, complete avalanche values s0, s1, s2 and s3 are output through conversion ofthe diffusion layer, the Boolean function algebraic number of the S box is 3, and the Boolean function algebraic numbers are 9, 9, 13 and 10 respectively. The S box constructed by the invention has acomplete avalanche effect, and other performance indexes are good, so that the S box can be applied to a lightweight block cipher algorithm, and the security of the S box is enhanced.

A printed circuit card made of plastic has a carbonization sensor for protection against smoldering electrical fires. The carbonization sensor contains a first and a second conductor track disposed on the printed circuit card and also a monitoring device. The two conductor tracks are electrically insulated from one another by the plastic, and the monitoring device monitors an insulating state of the two conductor tracks in relation to one another and produces a fault signal. Local overheating of the printed circuit card is detected at an early time by the carbonization sensor, before an avalanche effect caused by the carbonization, which makes the printed circuit card electrically conductive, leads to a smoldering electrical fire.

The invention provides a large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator. The large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator includes a unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit and a balance pulse generation circuit, wherein the unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit includes a triode pulse generation circuit which is formed by triodes; each triode includes two cascades, has a cascaded connection design, and has avalanche effect; the unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit is used for generating a large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal, started by the input bipolarity start pulse signal; the front end of the balance pulse generation circuit is electrically connected with the unipolarity pulse signal generation circuit; and the balance pulse generation circuit is used for converting the large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal into a balance pulse signal, and generating a large-amplitude nanosecond balance pulse signal. The large-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator has the advantages of being novel in design, being simple in the circuit structure, being high in the waveform symmetry of the generated nanosecond balance pulse signal, being low in the ringing level, being high in amplitude, and being high in repetition frequency, and being able to be applied to a pulse ultra wide band radar system to guarantee greater detection distance and good detection performance.

The present disclosure relates to a solid-state image sensor, driving method, and electronic apparatus, capable of achieving reduction in pixel size and sensitivity improvement. The solid-state image sensor includes a PD configured to convert light into electric charge by photoelectric conversion and to store the electric charge, a first transfer transistor configured to read out the electric charge stored in the photoelectric conversion unit, a multiplication region configured to store temporarily and multiply the electric charge read out through the read-out unit, and a second transfer transistor configured to transfer the electric charge stored in the multiplication region to a conversion unit configured to convert the electric charge into a pixel signal. Then, an intense electric field is generated in the multiplication region to multiply electric charge by the avalanche effect in transferring the electric charge from the multiplication region to an FD portion through the second transfer transistor. The present technology is applicable to, in one example, the stacked CMOS image sensors.