The invention provides a wheel shaft type broad width fertilizing apparatus. The apparatus comprises a box body, an inner core, a fertilizer discharging opening and a fertilizer distribution tube, the inner core is cylindrical and is positioned in the box body, a driving shaft traverses through the inner core, two ends of the inner core are connected with the driving shaft through bearings, the external surface of the inner core is provided with uniformly distributed recessed round pits, the recessed round pits are distributed in a five-in-line and six-in-line interval manner, a row of brushes is arranged in the box body, the fertilizer discharging opening is positioned in the bottom of the box body, the fertilizer discharging tube is positioned under a fertilizer discharging device and is communicated with the fertilizer discharging opening, the fertilizer distribution tube is arc-shaped, and the arc angle theta is not smaller than 40DEG and not greater than 50DEG. When the apparatus works, a fertilizer enters the box body, the recessed round pits on the inner core complete 11-line fertilizer distribution, the superfluous fertilizer outside the recessed round pits is brushed off by the brushes in the box body, and a certain amount of the fertilizer is contained in each of the recessed round pits, rotates with the driving shaft and enters the arc-shaped fertilizer distribution tube through the fertilizer discharging opening, so the falling speed of the fertilizer is reduced, bouncing after fertilizer falling to the ground is avoided, and the fertilizing precision is improved.