The invention discloses a high-strength and abrasion-proof cable sheath material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 30 parts of nitrile rubber, 40 to 60 parts of chloroprene rubber, 10 to 15 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 1.5 to 4 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 to 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.8 to 1.5 parts of N,N'-m-phenylene dimaleimide, 0.5 to 2 parts of calcium stearate, 0.8 to 2.5 parts of accelerator 4010NA, 1.8 to 3 parts of paraffin, 35 to 44 parts of white carbon black, 20 to 25 parts of superfine talc powder, 12 to 14 parts of active kaolin, 2 to 4 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 0.7 to 1.4 parts of diallyl isocyanate, 2 to 4 parts of antimony trioxide and 4 to 6 parts of magnesium hydroxide. The high-strength and abrasion-proof cable sheath material is high in tear resistance and abrasion-proof performance and long in service life, and has good flame-retardant effects.