The invention provides an electric power station building environment monitoring system and method. The electric power station building environment monitoring system comprises a 5G edge computing gateway, an alarm system, an inspection system, a power distribution room monitoring main station and a plurality of environment monitoring systems. Power station building environment monitoring data areobtained through a plurality of environment monitoring systems, then a 5G edge computing gateway is used for computing and analyzing the data to obtain an edge computing result, the edge computing result is sent to a power distribution room monitoring master station, and if an abnormal value exists in the edge computing result, the 5G edge computing gateway sends an alarm signal to the alarm system and sends an inspection instruction to the inspection system, and the power distribution room monitoring master station sends a corresponding operation instruction to the mobile terminal according to the edge computing result. The system is comprehensive in monitoring and wide in coverage; the calculation efficiency is high, flow pressure can be relieved, and cost is saved; the area where abnormal data is generated can be timely and rapidly confirmed, the point location where the abnormal data is generated is further confirmed, and dangerous case elimination is accelerated.