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Full polarization synthetic aperture microwave radiometer

A microwave radiometer and synthetic aperture technology, applied in the field of microwave remote sensing, can solve problems such as debugging, calibration and image inversion difficulties, polarization information separation difficulties, etc., and achieve low power consumption, high sensitivity radiation measurement, and technical complexity low degree of effect

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-01-21
NAT SPACE SCI CENT CAS
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  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

Due to the circular microstrip antenna used in MIRAS, the separation of polarization information is not a great difficulty
However, due to the large number of units of the two-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, it brings great difficulties to the design, debugging, calibration and image inversion of the system (see M.Martin-Neira and J.M.Goutoule, "MIRAS -A two-dimensional aperture-synthesis radiometer for soil moisture and ocean salinity observations", ESA Bulletin, No.92, pp.95-104, Nov.1997.)

Method used

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Embodiment 1

[0028] An antenna array, a receiver array, a correlator unit, a control and a data processing unit connected in turn to the one-dimensional full-polarization synthetic aperture microwave radiometer of the present embodiment, and the control and data processing unit are connected with a computer or a data interface; its features In that, the antenna elements of the antenna array are all one-dimensional polarized antenna elements, such as figure 1 As shown, the antenna plane of the one-dimensional polarized antenna unit of antenna array 1 is coplanar with the center of the earth, that is, the antenna plane is perpendicular to the earth's surface at nadir point 4 and points to the center of the earth (that is, the antenna plane is perpendicular to the earth's surface at nadir point 4 cut planes). Here, the one-dimensional polarized antenna unit refers to the polarized antenna unit used in the one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer. Its realization form can be a waveguide ...

Embodiment 2

[0040] The one-dimensional full-polarization synthetic aperture microwave radiometer of the present embodiment includes an antenna array, a receiver array, a correlator unit, a control and a data processing unit connected in sequence, and the control and data processing unit are connected with a computer or a data interface; The feature is that the antenna units of the antenna array are all one-dimensional polarized antenna units. The polarized antenna unit in this embodiment is a dual-polarized antenna.

[0041] In the one-dimensional polarized antenna in this embodiment, the antenna surface is coplanar with the center of the earth, that is, the antenna surface is perpendicular to the nadir point and the surface of the earth. The main beam of the antenna is shaped, so the actual antenna beam is no longer a traditional fan, but a conical surface. The extension line of the axis of the conical surface passes through the center of the earth, thus ensuring the incidence of each pi...

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Abstract

The invention relates to a full-polarization synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, comprising an antenna array, a receiver array, a correlator unit, and a control and data processing unit which are connected in turn, wherein the control and data processing unit is connected with a computer or a data interface. The invention is characterized in that the antenna array adopts a one-dimension antenna array composed of parallel dual-polarized antenna units. The technical scheme of the invention comprises realizing the full-polarization measurement of one-dimension synthetic aperture, realizing the equal incident angle measurement of synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, and realizing the two-point calibration of the synthetic aperture microwave radiometer. The one-dimension aperture synthetic technique is simpler than two-dimension aperture synthetic technique. The single channel receiver polarization switch mode can satisfy the demands of light weight and low power consumption. The dual channel receiver mode can realize the radiometer of high sensitivity.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave remote sensing, in particular, the invention relates to a microwave radiometer for polarization measurement. Background technique [0002] Since the late 1980s, marked by the successful test flight of ESTAR, the passive microwave aperture synthesis technology that has been used in the field of radio astronomy has been successfully applied to the field of earth observation. Especially for the low-frequency ground-to-ground microwave remote sensing system, the real-aperture microwave radiometer has strict requirements on the design, processing, delivery and on-orbit scanning of the antenna. In contrast, synthetic aperture microwave radiometers use sparse arrays and correlation processing to obtain the radiant brightness temperature of all pixels in the field of view simultaneously, without mechanical scanning of the antenna. Since a certain number of small antenna elements are used to replace lar...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): G01R29/08G01R29/10G01S13/90
Inventor 吴季阎敬业马纽埃尔·马丁·尼拉
Owner NAT SPACE SCI CENT CAS
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