Heavy oil hydroprocessing method and reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil hydroprocessing method and an internal loop reactor used by the method. In the heavy oil hydroprocessing method of the invention, the internal loop reactor is internally divided into two reaction segments, namely a fluidized bed reaction segment in a sleeve and a fixed bed reaction segment of a loop gap, and the mixture of heavy oil and hydrogen gas enters the reactor from the bottom and passes through the fluidized bed reaction segment first to undergo hydrogenation in the presence of a fluidized bed catalyst; and the catalyst is separated from the mixtureafter the reaction by a separator arranged on the upper part of the sleeve, and gas and liquid continuously go downwards to enter the fixed bed reaction segment of the loop gap to further undergo thehydrogenation in the presence of a fixed bed catalyst. The method has the combined characteristics of the fluidized bed and fixed bed hydrogenation processes, is well adapted to inferior raw materialoil with high metal and high asphaltene content and can realize the long-period stable operation of the device under the condition of achieving a high conversion rate and a high impurity removal rate.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a heavy oil hydrogenation treatment method and a reactor, in particular to a heavy oil hydrogenation treatment method combining ebullating bed reaction technology and fixed bed reaction technology and the used inner circulation reactor. Background technique [0002] According to the classification of reactor type, the hydrotreating process of heavy and low-quality feedstock oil can be divided into fixed bed, moving bed, ebullating bed and suspension bed. Among them, the fixed bed technology is relatively the most mature and has the most industrial applications. The simple flow of the process is: catalysts with different functions are packed in different reactors and different beds, and the raw oil and hydrogen are heated to the required temperature by the heating furnace, and then enter the reactor from the top of the reactor. The raw material oil and the hydrogen gas enter each catalyst bed in a co-current manner in a downflo...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] There are following deficiencies in the ebullated bed reactor and process method of industrial application at present: because ebullated bed reactor is a kind of fully back-mixed reactor, a single reactor cannot reach higher conversion rate and impurity removal rate; and a kind of Generally, only one kind of catalyst is installed in the reactor, which fails to achieve the purpose of simultaneous conversion and desulfurization, demetallization and carbon removal

In order to improve this deficiency, literature (T.E Johnson etc., Oil&Gas J., July 1,1985, 50) increases the reactor of residual oil fluidized bed hydrocracking process from one to two or more, and in different reactors Different catalysts are filled inside. Although this improvement has improved the operation of the device, the operation is complicated and the equipment investment of the device is increased.

US4344840 and US4457829 introduced the combination process of ebullating bed and fixed bed hydrogenation to treat heavy hydrocarbon feedstock. This kind of combined process has improved the shortcomings of both ebullating bed and fixed bed processes, but the equipment investment and operating costs have increased significantly

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