Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in alkaline media

An electrochemical and alkaline technology, applied in the direction of electrodes, electrolytic components, electrolytic process, etc., can solve the problems of high energy consumption and high operating voltage

Inactive Publication Date: 2016-01-20
THE OHIO STATES UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the operating voltages for the cells are all high, on the order of 2.0 volts, which represents a high energy consumption for the synthesis

Method used

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  • Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in alkaline media
  • Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in alkaline media
  • Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in alkaline media

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0051] Example 1: Cell Voltage of Operation

[0052] figure 2 Graph showing theoretically run cell voltage at different temperatures and at 1 atmosphere pressure, which is favorable for ammonia production. like figure 2 As shown in , at temperatures above 195° C., the electrochemical cell 10 transitions from a galvanic cell (positive voltage) to an electrolytic cell (negative voltage). According to an embodiment of the present invention, the potential applied to favor the production of ammonia should be equal to or more negative than the thermodynamic voltage (e.g. figure 2 shown in ). Thus, according to one embodiment, the electrochemical method of forming ammonia includes maintaining a voltage equal to or more negative than a temperature-dependent thermodynamic voltage suitable for producing ammonia. Overpotential (at figure 2 The higher the difference between the thermodynamic potential shown in and the applied cell voltage, the less efficient the induced current...

Embodiment 2

[0053] Example 2: Ammonia Synthesis

[0054] exist image 3 An electrochemical cell assembly 100 for demonstrating ammonia synthesis according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in . figure 1 The illustrated electrochemical cell 10 may be fluidly coupled to two columns for gas collection by liquid displacement. In this batch configuration, the anode column 110 contains a 5M KOH solution and the cathode column 120 contains 5M KOH / 1MNH 3 The solution. Each column 110 , 120 includes an upper chamber ( 110 a , 120 a ), a lower chamber ( 110 b , 120 b ), and a dividing plate 125 , 130 . The upper chambers (110a, 120a) and lower chambers (110b, 120b) are fluidly coupled to displacement tubes 135, 140, respectively, which allow the transfer of liquid therebetween. The lower chamber 110 b of the anode column 110 is fluidly coupled to the inlet 60 and the outlet 65 . Lower chamber 120b of cathode column 120 is fluidly coupled to inlet 50 and outlet 55 . The cathode elec...

Embodiment 3

[0058] Example 3: Yield and efficiency of induced current

[0059] Based on the current introduced during ammonia synthesis (5mA), the rate of ammonia production was estimated to be 1.06x10 -3 g / h, while the theoretical amount that can be produced based on the consumption of hydrogen in the first 14 minutes of the reaction is 2.98x10 -2 g / h, which represents an ammonia production rate of about 3.5%.

[0060] 1.73x10 -4 mol / sm 2 Ammonia production rate (at Figure 4 at low voltages shown in ) higher than any other value reported in the literature, e.g., 1.13×10 -4 mol / sm 2 , as reported in the following documents: R. Liu, G. Xu, Comparison of Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia by Using Sulfonated Polysulfone and Nafion Membrane with Sm 1.5 Sr 0.5 NiO 4 , Chinese Journal of Chemistry 28, 139-142 (2010). The high yields of ammonia observed at the low operating temperatures and pressures of the process of the invention are surprising. The Haber-Bosch process requires 5...

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Abstract

A method is provided for an electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in alkaline media. The method electrolytically converts N2 and H2 to NH3 in an electrochemical cell 10 comprising an anode 30, a cathode 20, and an alkaline electrolyte. The method includes exposing an anode to a H2-containing fluid, wherein the anode 30 is active toward adsorption and oxidation of H2; exposing a cathode to a N2-containing fluid, wherein the cathode 20 is active toward adsorption and reduction of N2 to form NH3; and applying a voltage between the anode 30 and the cathode 20 so as to facilitate adsorption of hydrogen onto the anode 30 and adsorption of nitrogen onto the cathode 20; wherein the voltage is sufficient to simultaneously oxidize the H2 and reduce the N2. The electrolytic method is performed with the H2 and N2 pressures from about 10 atmospheres (atm) to about 1 atm; and at temperatures from about 25DEG C to about 205 DEG C.

Description

[0001] Cross References to Related Applications [0002] Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §1.78(a)(4), this application claims the benefit of and priority to a co-pending provisional application of earlier application No. 61 / 805366, filed March 26, 2013, which It is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. technical field [0003] The present invention generally relates to the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia in alkaline media. Background technique [0004] One of the most widely produced chemicals worldwide is ammonia, which has applications as a fertilizer, a hydrogen storage medium, and as a reactant in the selective catalytic reduction of combustion gases from vehicles and stationary installations, among many others. [0005] The Haber (or Haber–Bosch) process is the principle manufacturing method used to synthesize ammonia. In the Haber process, ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen according to the following reaction: [0006] N 2 +3H 2 →2N...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C25B1/00C25B9/19
CPCC25B1/00C25B9/19C25B11/081C25B11/091C25B11/04C25B13/00
Inventor 杰拉尔丁·G·博特
Owner THE OHIO STATES UNIV
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