Inferior hydrocarbon hydrogenated thermal cracking method for setting hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon light-saturation reaction process

Abstract

The invention relates to an inferior hydrocarbon hydrogenated thermal cracking method for setting a hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon light-saturation reaction process. In the hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon light-saturation reaction process R10 of inferior hydrocarbons HDS such as metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colloidal matters and coal-tar heavy oil with high asphaltene content, based on the rule that the super-delocalized energy of pi bonds of middle aromatic rings of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is higher than that of pi bonds of outer-side aromatic rings, a hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon light-saturation reaction for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is carried out under the condition of giving priority to liquid-phase reactions so as to saturate the middle aromatic rings, and methylene bridge bonds with low dissociation energy, which are located at middle positions of polycyclic-structured aromatic hydrocarbons, are produced while the HDS are subjected to a carbon residue removing reaction, so that a thermal cracking material rich in bonds which are appropriate to cracking is provided for a hydrogenated thermal cracking reaction process R20, and the increase of yield of six-membered cyclic hydrocarbons is facilitated; and the efficiency of a liquid-phase reaction of a reaction space can be increased due to low hydrogen-to-oil ratio operation of the R10, a heater can be arranged between the R10 and the R20, the R10 employs hydrogen-supplying hydrocarbon flow for joint processing, and thus the effect is better.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for hydrothermal cracking of low-quality hydrocarbons with a shallow saturation reaction process of hydrogenated aromatics, which is used for shallow saturation of hydrogenated aromatics in low-quality hydrocarbons HDS such as coal tar heavy oil with high content of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colloids, and asphaltenes The reaction process R10, based on the law that the super delocalization energy of the π bond of the aromatic ring in the middle of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is greater than the super delocalization energy of the π bond of the outer aromatic ring, under the condition of the liquid phase reaction, the hydrogenation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is shallow. The degree saturation reaction makes the middle aromatic ring saturated, HDS carries out the char removal reaction and at the same time produces the methylene bridge with low dissociation energy located in the middle positi...

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Problems solved by technology

[0010] ① One macromolecule containing a low dissociation energy bridge bond undergoes a thermal cracking reaction to generate at least two lysate free radicals with a smaller molecular weight; this step consumes energy and has a cracking energy threshold, and the speed is relatively slow;

[0014] ①Increase the first negative reaction--the non-target thermal reaction of the target reactant, that is, the deep thermal condensation reaction, such as the deep thermal condensation reaction of aromatics dehydrogenation, that is, increase the thermal condensate that is difficult to recover and convert into light oil, such as heavy gum, heavy The yield of asphaltenes increases the yield of thermal condensation products that cannot be recovered and converted into light oil, such as liquid coke or solid coke; this will greatly deteriorate the liquid phase composition of the thermal cracking reaction process, and its viscosity will increase significantly. The ability to dissolve hydrogen, transfer hydrogen, and supply hydrogen is greatly reduced, the probability of collision condensation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colloids, and asphaltenes is greatly increased, the reaction rate of thermal condensation and coking in the liquid phase is increased, and the reactor wall and thermal high-resolution device are increased. The speed of coking on the wall of the device threatens the long-term operation of the device; too high thermal cracking temperature will aggravate the above evil effects;

[0016] ②Increase the second negative reaction--non-target reactants such as shallow thermal condensation reaction of hydrocarbon component BSAA, such as shallow thermal condensation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons, that is, increase the yield of shallow condensation products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons BSAAD, although Most of these shallow condensate fused-ring aromatics BSAAD can still be transformed into light oil under certain hydrogenation and / or thermal cracking conditions, which also increases the amount of secondary hydrogenation and secondary cracking tasks of BSAAD, whether it is returned The cyclic hydrothermal cracking of R20, or the subsequent hydrogenation and cracking steps; on the other hand, at least a part of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons BSAAD will be gradually converted into gums and asphaltenes, that is, part of the target reaction components will be increased during the reaction process , exacerbating the deterioration of the liquid phase properties in the thermal cracking reaction process of the suspended bed;

This method also does not set the shallow saturation reaction process of hydrogenated aromatics

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