Design method for cutter head of laser full fracture surface rock tunnelling machine

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.

[0031] The traditional full-face rock boring machine uses the overall rotation of the cutter head to make the hob continuously squeeze the rock. When the stress exerted by the hob on the rock is greater than the limit stress of the rock, the rock will crack and break. To achieve the effect of breaking the rock. In this process, the hob is in direct contact with the rock, and the vibration generated by rock breaking will be transmitted to the entire cutter head through the hob. The resulting vibration is huge, which seriously affects the stability and reliability of the roadheader. Sex.

[0032] The invention uses a laser and a high-pressure water gun to break the rock, so that most of the working time of the roadheader is not in direct contact with the rock surface, thus effectively reducing the vibration of the cutter head, improving the stability of the roadheader during work, and improving the worker’s working environment. In terms of structure, the geometric outline of the spoke disk is determined by the number of spokes required during excavation. The angle between the laser generator and the surface of the laser disk can be determined by the actual working conditions. The number of connecting screws between the laser disk 1 and the drive shaft , The number of connecting screws between the spoke plate 2 and the spoke plate holder 4, and the number of connecting screws between the spoke plate holder 4 and the drive shaft can be determined by the on-site working conditions.

[0033] When the laser generator is working, adjust the distance between the cutter head and the target rock surface according to the working conditions of the site and the nature of the rock to determine the laser drilling radius. The laser drilling radius should be smaller than the tunnel radius. This is due to the laser The generated high temperature will weaken the rock, cause cracks to develop, and dehydrate and vaporize the minerals, thereby increasing the void space. This weakening effect not only acts on the directly irradiated rock, but also due to the high temperature conduction, the rock near the laser beam is also It will deteriorate, and its strength will be significantly reduced. Therefore, in order to improve the safety of working in the tunnel, the radius of the rock directly acted on by the laser should be smaller than the radius of the excavated tunnel. The efficiency of laser drilling can be obtained by the following formula under the eight assumptions of the drilling model:

[0034]

[0035] Where P is the laser power, W; d is the laser spot diameter, mm; v d It is the drilling rate, mm/s; ξ and η are constants that depend on the material characteristics and the laser wavelength, which can be determined experimentally. Therefore, the emission power and spot radius of the laser transmitter 1-1 can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the rock through the formula (2) to achieve the ideal drilling rate.

[0036] The cutter head in the present invention uses two drive shafts to drive the laser disk 1 and the spoke disk 2 respectively. When the laser disk 1 rotates one revolution, the rock located in the area directly irradiated by the laser will be melted away, while the unirradiated area is The intensity of the high temperature conduction also decreases, then turn off the laser transmitter 1-1 and stop the rotation of the laser disk 1, start to rotate the spoke disk 2, and at the same time start the high-pressure water gun 3-4 and make the cutter disk start to move forward slowly. At this time, the high temperature caused by the laser will be cooled to a certain extent due to the arrival of the high-pressure water flow, thereby reducing the working temperature in the subsequent rock breaking work. In addition, the slag caused by the laser rock breaking is also washed away by the high-pressure water flow. At this time, the cutter head does not have a traditional web, so the slag and broken rock powder can be washed away along the water flow more easily. In addition, due to the impact of the high-pressure water jet, the high temperature inside the rock will drop rapidly, causing tensile stress inside the rock, which is conducive to the growth of cracks, increasing the cracks inside the rock, and reducing the strength of the target rock. When the cutter head reaches the target rock surface, the edge scraper 3-2 on the cutter head spoke 3 is used to remove the remaining rock on the target rock surface. At this time, the remaining rock has been processed by laser and high-pressure water flow, and its strength has dropped a lot. Therefore, the vibration amplitude caused by the scraper cutting the residual rock will be much smaller than the traditional full-face rock tunneling machine cutter head.

[0037] The invention adopts the method of combining laser and high-pressure water jet to break the rock, so that most of the roadheader does not actually touch the rock, and effectively reduces the vibration of the roadheader. The dual-axis drive is also different from the traditional single-axis drive, which effectively staggers the rock-breaking time of the laser and the high-pressure water jet. After the laser has processed the rock, the low-temperature high-pressure water jet can be greatly reduced. At the same time, high-pressure water flow can be used to remove slag and rock powder. Because the web is removed, the water flow can be easily discharged from the working area.