Seismic data processing method and apparatus

Abstract

The embodiments of the present invention disclose a seismic data processing method and apparatus. The method comprises the following steps that: static correction processing is performed on seismic trace gather data collected by a hydrophone; first offset imaging processing is performed on the seismic trace gather data which have been subjected to the static correction processing, and first superposition processing is performed on at least two seismic trace data in the seismic trace gather data which have been subjected to the first offset imaging processing, so that first synthetic seismic trace data can be obtained; a filtering factor is determined based on the first synthetic seismic trace data; time difference correction is performed on the seismic trace gather data which have been subjected to the static correction, second offset imaging processing is performed on the seismic trace gather data which have been subjected to the time difference correction, and second superposition processing is performed on at least two seismic trace data in the seismic trace gather data which have been subjected to the second offset imaging processing, so that second synthetic seismic trace data can be obtained; and convolution is performed on the filtering factor and the second synthetic seismic trace data, so that target synthetic seismic trace data can be obtained. With the seismic data processing method and apparatus provided by the technical schemes of the invention adopted, the effective removal of virtual reflection waves can be realized.

Description

technical field [0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seismic exploration and processing, in particular to a seismic data processing method and device. Background technique [0002] When submarine cables are used for marine seismic exploration, it is generally necessary to place the seismic source and the cable with built-in geophone at a certain depth below the sea surface. Since the contact surface between seawater and air (i.e. sea level) is a good reflecting surface, after the seismic source excites the seismic wave, part of the seismic wave propagates from the excitation point (i.e. the shot point) to the receiver point where the receiver is located and then continues upward to the sea. The plane reflects at the sea level, and after the reflection, the seismic wave is received by the geophone. The reflected seismic waves received by the detector are usually called ghost reflection waves (also called ghost waves or accompanying waves). [000...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, in actual exploration, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data collected by land geophones is often low, which may lead to low accuracy of the calculated seabed reflection coefficient, resulting in ineffective stacking and merging processing, and cannot effectively remove ghost reflections Wave

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