Composite reflection energy concentration and buffering energy dissipation device and blast construction method based on device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting and provides a composite reflection energy concentration and buffering energy dissipation device. The composite reflection energy concentration and buffering energy dissipation device comprises a buffering energy dissipation cushion layer, a rigid cushion layer, a reflection energy concentration buffering cushion layer and an energy conservation jet device. During explosive initiation, energy concentration jet flow and reflection energy concentration jet flow produced by buses of the energy conservation jet device and the reflection energy concentration buffering cushion layer have the dual energy conservation effect, a horizontal fracture line of a rock at the bottoms of blast holes can be increased, and the blasting effect can be enhanced. A composite cushion layer composed of the reflection energy concentration buffering cushion layer, the rigid cushion layer and the buffering energy dissipation cushion layer has the three-time energy dissipation buffering effect and can reduce explosion energy and blasting damage to the bottoms of the blast holes and guarantee the quality of the rock of the bottoms of the holes. A blast construction method comprises the steps of firstly, drilling rows of blast holes in a rock body; secondly, leveling the bottoms of the blast holes; thirdly, stacking the composite reflection energy concentration and buffering energy dissipation devices, main charge explosives, detonating materials and blocking sections in the blast holes; and finally, conducting initiation. Through themethod, the blasting damage to the bottoms of the blast holes can be reduced, the blasting flatness of a foundation base surface can be improved, and the blasting effect can be improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a composite reflection energy gathering and buffering energy dissipation device used at the bottom of a blast hole and a blasting construction method based on the device. Background technique [0002] The blasting excavation of the rock dam foundation surface, the side slope of the horse road, and the protective layer of the tunnel floor in water conservancy and hydropower projects has always been a difficult point in engineering blasting construction. In the existing blasting technology, in the traditional deep hole step blasting, a 1-2m thick protective layer is often reserved, and then the protective layer is blasted and excavated with small-aperture drilling and small explosive rolls, and finally with manual prying, to reach the construction site. base elevation, the construction efficiency is very low, and the retained rock mass at the bottom of the hole is grea...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

In the existing blasting technology, in the traditional deep hole step blasting, a 1-2m thick protective layer is often reserved, and then the protective layer is blasted and excavated with small-aperture drilling and small explosive rolls, and finally with manual prying, to reach the construction site. base elevation, the construction efficiency is very low, and the retained rock mass at the bottom of the hole is greatly damaged; the effect of horizontal pre-splitting or horizontal smooth surface blasting excavation is better, but it is difficult to drill horizontal holes, and it must be cleaned before each drilling. Clean the blasting slag in front of the airport, the operation is troublesome, and limited by the length of one drilling, the blasting area is limited, the construction efficiency is low, and it cannot meet the progress requirements of large-scale excavation

The small step differential blasting of the ordinary flexible cushion set at the bottom of the hole, due to the unreasonable material and structure of the flexible cushion, has little mitigation effect on the blasting shock wave, and the damage to the rock at the bottom of the hole is still relatively large. The undulation is relatively large, and sometimes secondary blasting or manual mechanical prying is still required; when ordinary energy-concentrated blasting is used, due to the short length of energy-concentrated cutting penetrating the rock mass, the formed horizontal cracks cannot be further expanded, and the rock is broken. The effect is poor, and it is not easy to form a flat excavation surface

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