[0018] In the description of the present invention, several means one or more, and multiple means two or more. Greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the original number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the original number. If the description of the first and second is only for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, it cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features relation.
[0019] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installation, and connection should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.
[0020] The present invention provides a kind of early-maturing cultivation method of Nuomi Ci litchi, comprising the following steps:
[0021] 1) Cultivate early, mature and high-quality fruiting mother branches: After fruit picking, mainly adopt measures such as fertilizer and water management, pruning, and disease and pest control to cultivate early-maturing, robust and high-quality fruiting mother branches, so that the fruiting mother branches can reach 25-30cm in length and thickness. Reach more than 0.5cm, the last autumn shoots mature in early and mid-October. The specific method is: after the fruit is picked, fertilize the soil first, apply 20-30kg of Odron refined organic fertilizer to each tree, 1.5-2kg of Norwegian compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) and 1kg of urea ; Then carry out an appropriate amount of pruning work, mainly cutting off upright branches, shade branches, dead branches, etc.; in order to ensure the shoot stage and shoot quality, each autumn shoot is sprayed 2-3 times with nucleotides, high potassium, and high phosphorus. Foliar fertilizer, spray the first foliar fertilizer after each autumn shoot is pulled out 5-7cm, combined with spraying cis-cypermethrin to control tip pests such as inchworm and leaf tortrix, spray low concentration of ethephon during the last autumn shoot growth period 1 or 2 times to promote the early maturity of the last autumn shoots. The low concentration of ethephon refers to 4-5ml of ethephon per 100 catties of water;
[0022] 2) Early control of the germination and growth of winter shoots: the new shoots of Nuomici litchi in November are winter shoots, which will seriously affect the differentiation of litchi flower buds. Controlling the extraction or growth of winter shoots is an important means to ensure the differentiation of litchi flower buds. The work of controlling winter shoots will be carried out in early and mid-October, about one month earlier than the conventional practice. The specific method is: in early and mid-October and before the last autumn shoots are fully mature, when the leaves are still in a green state, perform spiral girdling on the main trunk or main branches. The width of the girdling opening is 0.3-0.5cm. The number of circles is 1.6 to 1.8 circles, girdling 1.6 circles for weaker trunk trees, 1.8 circles for stronger trunk trees, and girdling as deep as xylem. For trees that grow winter shoots after spiral girdling, spray 300mg/l ethephon + 400mg/l paclobutrazol + 300mg/kg nucleotide "three-in-one" shoot-controlling-promoter when the winter shoots are pulled out 3-5cm. flower element.
[0023] 3) Early flower promotion: In order to ensure that the terminal buds can germinate and appear "white spots" before the first ten days of January, the flower promotion should be carried out in the middle and late December in advance. The main measures include thinning and pruning in winter; 1-2 times the flower-adjusting element formulated with phytonutrients, aduoshou, shengdusu, and nucleotides; in addition, if there is continuous dry weather in early January, moderate watering should also be carried out.
[0024] 4) Control spikes, thin flowers, protect fruits and ensure early maturity of early flowers and fruits: when the spikes grow to more than 15cm, use a flower thinning machine to cut short flowers and thin them. After the first batch of male flowers have just opened, spray 100mg/L uniconazole, after the second batch of male flowers are in full bloom, shake the flowers artificially, which can reduce the amount of flowers, increase the ratio of male to female and the initial fruit setting rate, and achieve the purpose of early flowering and early fruiting. 3-5 days and 15-20 days after the female flowers are in full bloom, spray the fruit-setting factor formulated with 2.4-D and Shengtou as the main components diluted 1000 times each; The middle and late stage of development refers to 35-70 days after flowering. Spray the fruit-preserving and strong-fruit foliar fertilizer prepared by diluting 1500 times with polysaccharides, amino acids, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and naphthaleneacetic acid. Spray every 7 to 10 days. Apply once; from late April to early May, roughly 40-50 days after flowering, according to the fruit setting and tree vigor, the large branches are girdled to protect the fruit and prevent cracking. The width of the girdling mouth is 0.3cm. In addition, soil fertilization was not carried out during the entire flower and fruit development period.
[0025]Using the above-mentioned early-maturing cultivation method, the last autumn shoots can be matured in early and mid-October, "white spot" flowering spikes can be seen at the end of December and early January, flowering in mid-to-late March, and ripe fruits are harvested in early-to-mid June.
[0026] In some embodiments, a strip-shaped ditch with a depth of 12-18 cm and a width of 18-25 cm is opened around the drip line of the crown of each tree, and organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and urea are applied in the strip-shaped ditch.
[0027] In some embodiments, ethephon with a concentration of 0.01% is sprayed 1-2 times during the development of the last autumn shoots to promote the early maturation of the last autumn shoots and promote their maturation in early and mid-October.
[0028] In some embodiments, in step 2), 1.6 circles are girdled to trees with weaker tree vigor, 1.8 circles are girdled to trees with stronger tree vigor, and the girdling reaches xylem deeply, but it cannot hurt xylem, and is used for Inhibit the growth of winter shoots, increase the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, and promote the differentiation of flower buds.
[0029] In some embodiments, in step 2), for the tree body that grows winter shoots after spiral girdling, when the winter shoots are pulled out 4cm, spray 300mg/l ethephon+400mg/l paclobutrazol+300mg/kg nucleus Nucleic acid "three-in-one" shoot-controlling flower-stimulating factor.
[0030] In some embodiments, in step 3), in the first ten days of January of the following year, if there is continuous dry weather, moderate watering can promote the growth of flowers.
[0031] In some embodiments, in step 4), during the fruit setting period of 4 days and 18 days after the female flower blooms, the fruit setting prepared with 2.4-D and Shengduogen as the main components, which is diluted 1000 times, is sprayed once. white.
[0032] In some embodiments, in step 4), in the middle and late stages of fruit development, spray once every 8 days or 9 days and apply 1500-fold dilutions prepared with adductin, amino acids, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and naphthaleneacetic acid. Fruit-preserving and strong-fruit foliar fertilizer. During the entire flower and fruit development period, no chemical fertilizers are applied to the soil.
[0033] The following are preferred embodiments:
[0034] A kind of glutinous rice glutinous rice cake lychee early-maturing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
[0035] 1) Cultivate early-maturing and high-quality fruiting mother branches: ensure that the last autumn shoots mature in early and mid-October, and the length of the fruiting mother branches will reach 25-30cm, and the thickness will reach more than 0.5cm. Timely and robust fruiting mother branches are the basis for flowering and fruiting in the following year. Therefore, cultivating robust fruiting mother branches is the key condition for high yield in the coming year. Paying attention to water and fertilizer management is the key to improving the quality of fruiting mother branches. The specific method is: after the fruit is picked, the soil is fertilized first, and each tree is applied with 25kg of Odron refined organic fertilizer, 1.5-2kg of Norwegian compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) and 1kg of urea. The canopy drip line periphery of every tree body opens the strip ditch that depth is 15cm, width is 20cm, and organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and urea are applied in the strip ditch; Branches, dead branches, etc.; in order to ensure the tip stage and quality of the shoots, each autumn shoot is sprayed 2-3 times with nucleotide, high potassium, and high phosphorus foliar fertilizers; as a result, the main pests during the development of the mother branches are inchworms and leaf tortrix, spray foliar fertilizer for the first time after each autumn shoot is pulled out 5-7cm, combined with spraying cis-cypermethrin to control pests at the tip stage, and spray low-concentration ethephon 1-2 times during the last autumn shoot growth period To promote the early maturity of the last autumn shoots, the low concentration of ethephon refers to 4-5ml of ethephon per 100 catties of water.
[0036] 2) Early control of the germination and growth of winter shoots: the new shoots of Nuomici litchi in November are winter shoots, which will seriously affect the differentiation of litchi flower buds. Controlling the extraction or growth of winter shoots is an important means to ensure the differentiation of litchi flower buds. The work of controlling winter shoots will be carried out in early and mid-October, about one month earlier than the conventional practice. The specific method is: in early and mid-October and before the last autumn shoots are fully mature, when the leaves are still in a green state, perform spiral girdling on the main trunk or main branches. The width of the girdling opening is 0.3-0.5cm. The number of circles is 1.6 to 1.8 circles, girdling 1.6 circles for weaker trunk trees, 1.8 circles for stronger trunk trees, and girdling as deep as xylem. For trees that grow winter shoots after spiral girdling, spray 300mg/l ethephon + 400mg/l paclobutrazol + 300mg/kg nucleotide "three-in-one" shoot-controlling-promoter when the winter shoots are pulled out 3-5cm. flower element.
[0037] 3) Early flower promotion: flowering is the condition for fruiting. In order to ensure that the terminal buds can germinate and appear "white spots" before the first ten days of January, flower promotion should be carried out in the middle and late December in advance. The main measures include thinning and pruning in winter; spraying diluted 1000 times the flower tuner compounded with cytokinin, adoshou, shengtosu and nucleotides 1-2 times; in addition, if there is continuous drought in the first ten days of January, moderate showering should also be carried out. water.
[0038] 4) Control spikes, thin flowers, protect fruits and ensure early maturity of early flowers and fruits: when the spikes grow to more than 15cm, use a flower thinning machine to cut short flowers and thin them. After the first batch of male flowers have just opened, spray 100mg/L uniconazole, after the second batch of male flowers are in full bloom, shake the flowers artificially, which can reduce the amount of flowers, increase the ratio of male to female and the initial fruit setting rate, and achieve the purpose of early flowering and early fruiting. During the fruit setting period of 3-5 days and 15-20 days after the female flower blooms, spray 1000-fold dilution of the fruit-setting factor formulated with 2.4-D and Shengduogen as the main components; in the middle and late stages of fruit development, Among them, the middle and late stage of fruit development refers to 35-70 days after flowering. Spray the fruit-preserving and strong-fruit foliar fertilizer prepared by diluting 1500 times with polysin, amino acids, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and naphthaleneacetic acid. Spray once every 10 days; from late April to early May, roughly 40-50 days after flowering, according to the fruit setting and tree vigor, the large branches are girdled to protect the fruit and prevent cracking. The width of the girdling mouth is 0.3cm. In addition, no chemical fertilizers are applied to the soil during the entire flower and fruit development period.
[0039] In 2019-2020, the 120-acre Nuomi Ci demonstration garden in Beizhenglong Orchard, Beihuan Village, Dongping Town, Yangdong District, Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, after applying the above-mentioned Nuomi Ci litchi early-maturing cultivation method, the effect is remarkable. The main phenological period is that the last autumn shoots mature on October 12, and the shoots are controlled by spiral girdling before maturity. ), the flowers are blooming from the end of February to the first ten days of March, and the earliest batch picking period is May 25. It is the earliest large-scale planting base of glutinous rice cakes in the country. Table 1). In the 10-acre control area, the last autumn shoot maturity period is October 20, the spiral girdling control shoot date is October 22, the white spot germination period is January 6, and the full flowering period is March 8. The earliest batch The picking period (fruit ripening period) is June 5, and the actual harvest yield is 4500kg, and the yield per mu is 450kg/mu (Table 1). What needs to be explained here is that the main producing areas of litchi are mainly distributed in 15 counties and cities including the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong, Qinzhou and Yulin of Guangxi, and the maturity period is mainly concentrated in the middle and late June. Take the Yuanchang Orchard in Tangxia Town, Dongguan, where Nuomi Ci is the earliest mature in the Pearl River Delta, as an example. The orchard has Nuomi Ci litchi with an area of 25 mu. , the white spot germination period is January 16, the full flowering period is March 15, the earliest batch picking period (fruit maturity period) is June 15, the actual harvest yield is 7500kg, and the mu yield is 300kg/mu (Table 1).
[0040] Table 1 Main phenological periods and yields of litchi production seasons in the test area and control area from 2019 to 2020
[0041]
