Carburizing chlorination process for extracting and separating cerium and non-Ce rare earth from rare-earth ore

Abstract

The present invention is a carbochlorination process for extracting rare earth elements from rare earth minerals and effectively separating various rare earth elements; it consists of four technical operations, and realizes the chemical metallurgical purpose of extracting and separating rare earth elements; these four The technical operations are: 1. Low-temperature carbon chlorination and adding defluorinating agent, selective chlorination and effective separation of fluorine, phosphorus, iron and other non-rare earth elements from minerals; 2. High-temperature chlorination-- Chemical vapor transport and water dissolution are two different methods to separate radioactive elements in rare earth minerals, and then the alkaline earth metal elements in minerals are separated by oxygen-rich humid air oxidation and water dissolution; 3. Separation of cerium and cerium by dilute acid leaching Non-cerium rare earth elements; 4. Separation of non-cerium rare earth elements by chemical vapor transport method. The invention is suitable for extracting and separating rare earth elements from various fluorine-containing or non-fluorine-containing rare earth ores and rare earth industrial waste, can comprehensively utilize the valuable components and prevent radioactive pollution.

Description

Technical field [0001] Extraction and separation of rare earth elements in chemical metallurgy. Background technique [0002] High temperature plus carbochlorination (1000-1200°C) to treat bastnaesite concentrate was once proposed by German Goldschmidt company and applied to industrial production. The method has the advantages of simple and mature procedure, less consumption of chemical raw materials, etc., and is applicable to various rare earth concentrates. There is only one kind of product, that is, anhydrous mixed rare earth chloride, which can be directly sent to the molten salt electrolysis process to produce mixed rare earth metals. The main disadvantages of this method are: ① the produced product contains a large amount of fluorine and alkaline earth metal elements, the presence of a large amount of fluorine reduces the yield of rare earth chloride, and it is not easy to connect with the subsequent rare earth separation process; a large amount of alkaline earth met...

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Problems solved by technology

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to create a carbon-added chlorination process to extract and separate cerium and non-cerium rare earth element compounds from rare earth minerals, and to overcome the inability to connect the extraction and separation processes of the above two background technologies, and the alkaline earth in the minerals The problem that metals and radioactive elements cannot be effectively separated will affect the production of subsequent processes and the use of products

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