Several attempts have been made to apply various Foreign Language / Second Language training processes to
the Internet world, but most of them are simple conversions of printed, audio, and video material into a computer
client-
server application; i.e.
the Internet applications are typically not offering new features beyond the current features offered by conventional media.
The publishing industry involved with Foreign Language / Second Language training is vulnerable to lost revenue due to forgeries, lending, photocopying, and second-hand purchases of their printed training materials.
A forgery occurs when someone makes an unauthorized copy of the original training materials, such as by illicit photocopying.
Lending losses occur because copies of original materials are loaned to third parties, who then need not purchase the source materials.
Similarly, unauthorized photocopying of original materials results in reduced demand for the materials.
Second-hand purchases deprive publishers of revenue because the second-hand seller receives the revenue from such sales.
All of these uses of original materials are either unauthorized or currently beyond the control of the publishers, and all reduce the publisher's revenue.
Because on-line access is so easily obtained, the easy access also means that the opportunity for unauthorized usage of the applications and materials in the new medium is greater.
In such systems, access is denied until a speaker recognition process is completed.
The phenomena of photocopying, second-hand purchase, lending, and forgery is a significant problem for the publishing industry.
The publishing industry suffers significant losses of potential income due to the significant rise in second-hand sales of previously used materials, and due to purchases of books and the lending and photocopying of books, primarily in the educational sector.
Many of these laws might benefit the
consumer, but will be highly detrimental to the publisher, because they will result in a decrease of purchases of original materials from the publisher.
In addition, the forgery phenomenon prevalent in the designer clothing industry has infiltrated the publishing industry as well, resulting in serious profit losses to the publisher.
As noted above, however, the opportunity for fraudulent use of such learning sites is great.
This is undesirable for at least two reasons: first, the performance that is viewed by the
service provider is not the performance of the actual student to whom it is attributed; and secondly, at least two persons are utilizing the learning site, although only one is providing
payment or being charged, resulting in revenue loss for the
Web site provider.