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Antibodies against epitopes with homology to self antigens, methods of preparation

an antigen and self-antibody technology, applied in the field of antigens against epitopes with homology to self antigens, methods of preparation, can solve the problems of inability to generate antibodies to highly conserved domains of proteins, virtually impossible to obtain antibodies with high affinity to such epitopes, and inability to manipulate artificially

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-05-03
MILTENYI BIOTEC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

This approach enables the production of antibodies with high specificity and affinity to self-antigens or homologs, facilitating advanced cell analysis and separation techniques, including cell sorting and therapeutic applications.

Problems solved by technology

When the self and foreign epitopes are structurally similar, or “homologous”, the host immune response is weaker; thus it is virtually impossible to obtain antibodies with high affinity to such epitopes.
As a result, it is extremely difficult to generate antibodies to highly conserved domains of proteins (e.g. N-CAM, cytokines, and immunoglobulins), because animals that share the conserved domains fail to recognize them as foreign.
While antibodies to self-antigens are produced as a result of certain autoimmune diseases, these antibodies have binding specificities to a highly restricted set of self-antigens which cannot be manipulated artificially and generally have low binding affinities.
Thus, animals with autoimmune diseases are not widely useful in the production of antibodies with binding specificity to self-antigens.
Additionally, the epitopes against which these antibodies can be obtained are limited to the differences between the strains and availability of allotypic strains themselves and thus have little practical utility.
Such antibodies are difficult to obtain due to the homology between human and murine stem cell markers.

Method used

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  • Antibodies against epitopes with homology to self antigens, methods of preparation
  • Antibodies against epitopes with homology to self antigens, methods of preparation
  • Antibodies against epitopes with homology to self antigens, methods of preparation

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Gene Targeting

[0050] Gene targeting of the C.delta. gene was performed as described by Roes and Rajewsky (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:45 55; and Roes and Rajewsky (1991) Int. Immunol. 3:1367 1371. Briefly, a total of 10.sup.8 E14-1 ES cells were transfected with the targeting vector designed to replace a large part of the C.delta.1 exon and to insert frameshift mutations in C.delta.3 by filling in restriction sites present in this exon. The introduction of the mutations into the germ-line resulted in functional inactivation of both delta. chain Ig domain exons. This was considered important to exclude the possibility of expression of a truncated .delta.H chain that could compete with mu. for L chains and be secreted. The presence of the frameshift in the mouse germ-line was indicated by an NheI restriction site resulting from filling in the HindlIl site in C.delta.3. The C.delta.2 exon is a pseudoexon due to a nonfunctional splice acceptor.

[0051] Colonies surviving selection were analy...

example 2

Generation of IgD-Deficient Mice

[0052] The generation of IgD-deficient mice was performed as described by Roes and Rajewsky (1993) Briefly, the strategy of C.delta. gene inactivation and the screening procedure for positive clones was as described in Example 1. Targeted ES cell clones were injected into blastocysts isolated from C57BL / 6 mice and transferred to (C57BL / 6.times.BALB / c) fosters. Male chimeric offspring were mated with C57BL / 6 females for germ-line transmission of the .delta.T mutation. Offspring derived from ES cells were identified by coat color and analyzed for the presence of the mutation, which was called .delta.T, by Southern blotting or phenotypically, by flow cytometry. Homozygous mutant mice (.delta.T / .delta.T) were obtained by the interbreeding of heterozygous offspring.

example 3

Northern Blot Analysis of Putative (.delta.T / .delta.T) Mutant Mice

[0053] The northern blot analysis of putative (.delta.T / .delta.T) mutant mice was performed as described by Roes and Rajewsky (1993). Briefly, the .delta.T mutation results in functional inactivation of both exons encoding Ig domains of the H chain. The transmembrane and the hinge region exons, however, remain intact and potentially functional. To exclude the possibility that aberrant splicing of precursor RNA encompassing both the C.mu. and the C.delta. genes resulted in the generation of a significant amount of chimeric Ig transcripts encoding the extracellular domains of the C.mu. gene and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic portion of C.delta., poly(A).sup.+ RNA isolated from spleens of homozygous mutant (.delta.T / .delta.T) and wild-type mice was analyzed by Northern blotting. mRNA containing C.mu. exons spliced to the C.delta. transmembrane exon would be larger than the normal C.mu. transcripts of 2.4 (.mu.s) or 2...

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Abstract

This invention provides novel methods of obtaining autologous monoclonal antibodies (AMABs) to self-antigens or homologs thereof. The method involves obtaining a genetically engineered host animal that does not biosynthesize at least one epitope of the antigen and utilizes the lack of self-tolerance of the host to the epitope to produce antibodies specific to the antigen. The invention also encompasses the AMABs produced by the methods. The invention further encompasses methods of isolating cells comprising the use of such AMABs that have specificity for a cell surface antigen.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08 / 226,168 filed Apr. 12, 1994, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] This invention relates to methods of obtaining autologous monoclonal antibodies (AMAB) to self-antigens or homologs thereof, and the use of these antibodies in the analysis of cell populations and in cell separation techniques. BACKGROUND ART [0003] Antibodies have proven useful in medical applications for both diagnosis and therapy, and in biotechnology applications including cell separation. More generally, their high degree of binding specificity facilitates their use in the identification and localization of any compound to which antibodies can be generated in conjunction with techniques as varied as electron microscopy and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. [0004] Antibodies are comprised of both heavy and light chain polypeptides joined by intercha...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A01K67/027C12P21/04A61K38/00C07K14/52G01N33/48C07K14/705C07K16/00C07K16/18C07K16/28C07K16/42C07K19/00C12N5/10C12N15/00C12N15/02C12N15/85C12P21/08C12R1/91G01N33/53G01N33/569G01N33/577
CPCA01K67/0276A01K2207/15A01K2217/00A01K2217/05A01K2217/075A01K2227/105A01K2267/01A61K38/00C07K16/00C07K16/2803C07K16/4283C07K2317/20C12N15/8509G01N33/56966
Inventor RAJEWSKY, KLAUSMUELLER, WERNERROES, JUERGEN
Owner MILTENYI BIOTEC
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