Controlled lowering of a polymers glass transition temperature
a technology of glass transition temperature and polymer, which is applied in the direction of antifouling/underwater paint, synthetic resin layered products, animal housings, etc., can solve the problems of changing the performance of the polymer into which it has been incorporated, and plasticizers have been shown to be toxic or suspected to be toxi
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example 1
Model Epoxy
A. Increasing Amounts of THF Added to Model Epoxy
[0033]A series of model epoxy formulations were prepared with increasing amounts of tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent (boiling point 66° C.). A control sample without THF was also made. The samples were prepared by weighing the desired amount of EPON® 828 (standard Bisphenol-A epoxy resin) into a small aluminum weighing dish, to which was added the desired amount of THF (Table 1). The THF was carefully mixed into the EPON® 828 using a wooden tongue depressor that had been split the long way. Care was taken in mixing to minimize the evaporation of THF. To the EPON® 828 / THF mixture was added the desired amount of EPIKURE® 3270 (a modified aliphatic amine curing agent). All materials were thoroughly mixed and care was taken to ensure that even the material along the sides of the aluminum foil weighing dish was dispersed and mixed. THF was added in increasing amounts by weight at 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, and 25%, respectively. The total ...
example 2
A. Increasing Amounts of THF Added to Polyurethane
[0036]A series of urethane formulations were prepared with increasing amounts of THF. A control sample without THF was also made. The samples were prepared by weighing the desired amount of diol chain extenders (Cytec CONATHANE® EN-8 Part B) into a small aluminum weighing dish, to which was added the desired amount of THF (Table 3). The THF was carefully mixed into the EN8 Part B using a wooden tongue depressor that had been split the long way. Care was taken in mixing to minimize the evaporation of THF. Next, a polyurethane (Cytec CONATHANE® EN4 Part A) was added to the EN8 Part B / THF mixture. All materials were thoroughly mixed and care was taken to ensure that even the material along the sides of the aluminum foil weighing dish was dispersed and mixed. THF was added in increasing amounts by weight at 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, and 25%. The total amount of material mixed was kept at ≦17.5 g to minimize the loss of materia...
example 3
Material Characterization
A. Rheology
[0038]All rheology testing was performed on a TA Aries 2000 or AR-G2 rheometer under torsion between 25-mm parallel plates. As much as possible, disks (diameter ˜11 mm, by ˜3.4 mm) of uniform size were used as samples. Samples that where thicker than ˜3.2 mm were sanded with an ultra-fine grit sand paper. All samples were subjected to a temperature sweep from low to high temperatures at strains of 0.025% and a frequency of 1 Hz. All experiments where performed under normal force control at 5.0 N, with a 0.5 N tolerance (gap=+ / −500,000 nm). The temperature range varied depending on the locations of the expected transitions, but a 5 minute equilibration time was used once a sample reached the minimum temperature. A temperature ramp rate of 3° C. / min. was used. Rheology is used to determine, among other things, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a given material. The Tg is determined as being the maximum Tan δ peak height.
B. Thermogravimetric A...
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