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Equisetum (/ˌɛkwɪˈsiːtəm/; horsetail, snake grass, puzzlegrass) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. Equisetum is a "living fossil", the only living genus of the entire class Equisetopsida, which for over 100 million years was much more diverse and dominated the understory of late Paleozoic forests. Some Equisetopsida were large trees reaching to 30 meters tall. The genus Calamites of the family Calamitaceae, for example, is abundant in coal deposits from the Carboniferous period. The pattern of spacing of nodes in horsetails, wherein those toward the apex of the shoot are increasingly close together, inspired John Napier to invent logarithms.
A horsetail polysaccharide, and a preparation method and application thereof
This invention discloses a *Equisetum hyemale* polysaccharide, its preparation method, and its applications, belonging to the field of natural polysaccharide technology. Using *Equisetum hyemale* as raw material, the polysaccharide was extracted using a hot water ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimal process was determined to be a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 g / mL, a temperature of 70℃, an ultrasonic power of 400 W, and an extraction time of 50 min. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide yield reached 13.05%. The crude polysaccharide was deproteinized using the Sevage method and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 gel column to obtain purified *Equisetum hyemale* polysaccharide (DEPS) with homogeneous components. Physicochemical characterization showed that the DEPS had a total sugar content of 55.36%, a molecular weight of 67.61 kDa, and was composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and fucose. It lacked a triple helix structure and contained typical polysaccharide functional groups and pyranose ring structures. In vitro experiments showed that DEPS exhibited the highest scavenging rates of DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals, reaching 87.54%, 97.52%, and 97.5%, respectively, with its antioxidant activity showing a concentration-dependent effect. This invention features a simple process and high yield, producing a high-quality Equisetum hyemale polysaccharide.
Owner:YANCHENG INST OF TECH