42 results about "Smoke exposure" patented technology

The present invention includes a method and apparatus for detecting exposure to environmental tobacco smoke by analyzing a sample of breath using electronic sensor technology, including surface acoustic-wave gas sensor technology. The method determines the presence and concentration of substance(s) (or a class of substances) indicative of environmental smoke exposure. Diagnostic software is used to identify substances where a stored library of signatures is compared to the signature obtained from the system. Signal processing and neural networks are preferably utilized in the analysis.

A method of regulating the activity of human cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2A6 to control nicotine metabolism or decrease the production of carcinogens from procarcinogens, such as those present in tobacco smoke, in an individual by selectively inhibiting CYP2A6. Various prophylactic (i.e., prevention and treatment) compositions and methods are also described, including an improved oral nicotine composition and method comprising the use of nicotine together with an inhibitor of the CYP2A6 enzyme. Furthermore, it has been discovered that the presence in an individual of a mutant allele of human cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2A6 (referred to throughout this specification as 'CYP2A6' for brevity) is predictive of an individual who: (1) has a decreased risk of becoming a smoker, (ii) will smoke less if he / she becomes dependent, and / or (iii) may be at relatively lower risk for cancer due to both decreased smoke exposure and decreased CYP2A6 -mediated activation of tobacco smoke and other procarcinogenic substrates. This invention provides diagnostic methods for predicting tobacco dependence risk and risk for cancers related to CYP2A6 substrates in an individual by analyzing for the presence of a mutant genotype for human cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2A6 in an individual, ranging from gene duplication (multiple copies of CYP2A6) to single or even no copies due to null alleles or gene deletion.

A dosimetric smoke determination method used in a full-smoke exposure experiment is used for real-time and quantitative determination of smoke dosage in a full-smoke exposure bin through combination of a quartz micro balance wafer and an inserted cell culture dish. The method has the maximum characteristic that an actual microenvironment for smoke exposure is simulated, the actual concentration (including the mass concentration of smoke particulate matter and nicotine concentration) of cigarette smoke in the full-smoke exposure bin is detected in a real-time, sensitive and quantitative mode, the dosage-effect relation of a smoke toxicity effect is accurately represented, and a real smoke dosage basis is provided for evaluation of cigarette smoke in-vitro toxicology. By applying method, the toxicity mechanism of the cigarette smoke can be better interpreted, and a method basis and technical support are provided for health risk assessment and research of tobacco products. In addition, the method is wide in applicability and can be applied to in-vitro toxicity testing and research of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigarettes non-combustible in heating and aerosols different in source, and testing results are good in repeatability, high in stability and strong in sensitivity.

The invention discloses a method for evaluating cell injuries caused by flue gas exposure through utilizing hyaluronic acid covered gold nanoparticles. The method comprises the following steps: A, sufficiently dispersing gold nanoparticles into a hyaluronic acid colloid water solution; then carrying out freezing and spray-drying on a mixture to obtain the dispersed gold nanoparticles with surfacescovered with hyaluronic acid hydrogel, so as to obtain the hyaluronic acid covered gold nanoparticles; B, enabling cells to be detected to take the hyaluronic acid covered gold nanoparticles; combining the taken hyaluronic acid covered gold nanoparticles with mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic Acid) by a catalysis hairpin assembling method, so as to carry out genomic hybridization through a complementary base pairing principle to form mRNA-DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) which can emit fluorescent light; C, adding an electronic cigarette smoke extracting solution into a sample solution containing testedcells and then determining the intensity of the fluorescent light sent by the determined cells respectively before and after the solution is exposed into a flue gas capturing matter; determining theapoptosis rate according to the ratio of the sample solution to the electronic cigarette smoke extracting solution, so as to evaluate the injury degree, caused by the flue gas exposure, on the cells.

The invention relates to a detection method for the cytotoxicity of gas-liquid contact type cigarettes under full-smoke exposure, belonging to the technical field of safety evaluation of cigarette smoke. The detection method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: firstly, setting cigarette suction parameters to carry out suction on a cigarette; diluting the smoke by clean air with the flow speed of 0-1000 mL / min and transferring the diluted cigarette full smoke into a full-smoke exposure bottle disclosed in the patent with the patent number of ZL201120063251.6 to come into contact and exposure with suspension cells in the bottle, wherein the exposure time is 5 min; after the exposure, carrying out neutral erythrocyte toxicity test or MTT (Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium) cytotoxicity test according to a regular method; analyzing a dosage reaction relation between smoke exposure amount and cytotoxicity according to the following formula: full-smoke dilution multiple=( flow speed of smoke + flow speed of clean air) / flow speed of smoke; smoke exposure amount under exposure of 10 mL of a cell suspension solution for 5 min=TPM (Total Particulate Matter) amount of single cigarette / suction times of single cigarette*6 suctions / 10 mL; and representing the extent of cytotoxicity by a cell inhibition ratio CI. The detection method provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity, feasibility, low cost and the capability of providing technical supports for the safety evaluation of cigarette smoke.

The invention discloses a smoke exhaust emission device and method for a full-smoke exposure experiment. The smoke exhaust emission device is characterized by comprising a sidestream smoke emission connection pipe, a diluted smoke exhaust emission connection pipe and a converged smoke exhaust discharging pipe, all of which are connected through a tee joint; the pipe orifice end of the sidestream smoke emission connection pipe is communicated with a smoking machine sidestream smoke collection hood through a smoke discharging pipe, and a regulating valve is arranged in a pipe cavity of the sidestream smoke emission connection pipe; a regulating valve is arranged in a pipe cavity of the diluted smoke exhaust emission connection pipe, and an air pressure balancing port is formed in the pipe orifice end of the diluted smoke exhaust emission connection pipe in a bifurcated mode; a smoke filtering membrane is installed in a pipe orifice of the converged smoke exhaust discharging pipe. Through the emission device, redundant smoke generated in the experiment can be discharged in real time, it is guaranteed that air in a laboratory is clean without pollution, meanwhile, health and safety of experiment operating personnel are ensured, and the full-smoke exposure experiment can be carried out smoothly.

The invention relates to a method for establishing an animal in-vitro tracheal model for evaluating inflammatory response induced by tobacco mainstream smoke and an evaluation method, and belongs to the technical field of cigarette hazard assessment. The method for establishing the animal in-vitro tracheal model comprises the following steps: 1) separating a tracheal ring; 2) culturing the tracheal ring obtained in the step 1) in vitro; and 3) exposing the tracheal ring cultured in the step 2) to a flue gas condensate for 1 to 24 hours. The evaluation method of the inflammatory response induced by the tobacco mainstream smoke comprises selection of evaluation indexes and division of evaluation criteria; and evaluation of the degree of the inflammatory response. The method has the followingadvantages: 1) the detection method of the tracheal inflammation after smoke exposure has high efficiency; 2) the detection method of the tracheal inflammation after smoke exposure has good repeatability and system stability and high accuracy; and 3) the use range is wide. The method can be applied to in vitro exposure models of cigarette mainstream smoke, sidestream smoke, ambient flue gas and other smoke aerosols.