The invention discloses a preparation method of a polyurethane composite bearing of a double-layer structure and belongs to the technical field of sliding bearings. The polyurethane composite bearingis composed of a hard polyurethane outer layer (2) achieving the supporting and bearing effects and a soft polyurethane surface layer (1) with the self-lubricating and anti-abrasion functions. Firstly, a cylinder mold is adopted, the soft surface layer is cast through a centrifugal casting method, and the outer surface of the surface layer is ground, cleaned, dried, and then coated with an adhesion agent to serve as a mold core; and then the hard outer layer is cast on the outer surface of the surface layer, and the bearing is formed by adhering and composing the layers through the adhesion agent. According to the preparation method of the polyurethane composite bearing of the double-layer structure, the bearing has the technical characteristics of being high in bearing, capable of achieving water-breaking operation within a short time, resistant to silt, easy to machine, low in cost and the like, and the domestic market vacancy is made up; and a composite material integrally has the excellent properties of being resistant to changing of the high and low temperature and hydrolysis and the like, the service life is long, and the polyurethane composite bearing can be widely applied to the rotary or swing sliding portions of water pumps, propeller stern bearings, rudder bearings and the like.