The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting devices and discloses a pesticide spraying machine for modern agricultural planting. The pesticide spraying machine for modern agricultural planting comprises a cart, wherein a water tank is fixedly installed at the top end of the cart, a water inlet pipe is fixedly sleeved by one side of the top end of the water tank, one end of the water inlet pipe extends into the water tank, the other end of the water inlet pipe extends to the outside of the top end of the water tank, an installing plate located at the top end of the water tank is fixedly installed on one side of the water inlet pipe, the top end of the installing plate is fixedly connected with one end of a spring, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the bottom end of a measurement box. The pesticide spraying machine for modern agricultural planting can control of pesticide and water mixing proportion by arranging the installing plate, thespring, the measurement box, a threaded rod, a crank, a clamping plate, a limiting rod, an installing block, a cover plate, a telescopic rod, a pointer and a scale ruler and prevent the problem that incorrect mixing amount causes too high or low concentration of pesticides to be sprayed and is unfavorable for crop growth.