The invention discloses an extraction system for stevioside. The system comprises a preparation tank, an extraction tank, a centrifuge, an adsorption column, a syrup preparation tank, a syrup storagetank, a decolorizing column, a colorless syrup storage tank, a membrane machine and a spray drying tower arranged in sequence, the preparation tank communicates with the extraction tank through a high-level tank, and the adsorption column communicates with the preparation tank. The invention also discloses an extraction system for the stevioside. The extraction process comprises the following paths: performing soaking in a hydrogen peroxide solution, performing centrifugal separation, performing resin adsorption, washing the column, performing desorption, performing decolorization, performingconcentration, and performing spray drying. The system and process provided by the invention effectively inhibit growth of bacteria, realize full recovery of soaking water, and greatly reduce the discharge and production costs of wastewater in the extraction process of stevia rebaudiana.