Water system lithium cell electrolyte solution

Abstract

The invention relates to a water system lithium battery electrolyte comprising water, an alkalis and an additive agent characterized in that the additive agent is a RSiX3, wherein the R in the RSiX3 is selected from an amino group, a sulfhydryl, a vinyl, an epoxy radical, a cyano and a methacryloyloxyl or the like, the X is an alkoxyl group. The alkoxyl group in the additive agent is hydrolyzed in water solution and an alcohol is formed adsorbing on a lithium electrode surface; the part containing RSi- is adsorbed on the lithium electrode surface, which improves the discharging efficiency when the metal lithium is used as a battery cathode, inhibits a corrosion reaction between the metal lithium and the electrolyte, thereby reducing the generation of the hydrogen on the lithium electrode, improving the electrode utilization efficiency and the battery safety. The electrolyte containing the additive agent for the water lithium battery, any proper anode and the metal lithium cathode can be combined into the water system lithium battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a water system lithium battery electrolyte. Background technique [0002] Lithium metal batteries have extremely high specific energy and specific capacity, and have been the focus of new energy research for a long time. At present, the electrolyte system used in lithium batteries is mainly a non-aqueous electrolyte system, that is, organic or inorganic lithium salts are dissolved in some organic solvents to form an electrolyte. Lithium batteries using a non-aqueous electrolyte system have already had a variety of commercial products. It is widely used in many fields. However, non-aqueous systems often have the following problems: the high-power performance of the battery is poor due to the poor ionic conductivity of the electrolyte in the organic system; The preparation requirements are strict and the cost is high; the organic system electrolyte is not ideal for envi...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, non-aqueous systems often have the following problems: the high-power performance of the battery is poor due to the poor ionic conductivity of the electrolyte in the organic system; The preparation requirements are strict and the cost is high; the environmental friendliness of the electrolyte in the organic system is not ideal, and it often contains toxic components, etc.

At the same time, the aqueous solution system can also be used to make lithium water batteries with water as the reactant. In the fields of navigation and other fields, the weight of water can be ignored, so this type of battery has extremely high specific energy and specific capacity, and has great potential in marine applications. It is very attractive and has broad prospects, but because lithium metal will react violently with water, the discharge efficiency of lithium metal is low, and a large amount of heat and hydrogen are released, which is prone to combustion or explosion and causes danger

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