Rapid shaping high-yield cultivation method in early stage for fruit trees by adopting technology of three buds, two degrees and one signal axis

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid shaping high-yield cultivation method in the early stage for fruit trees by adopting technology of three buds, two degrees and one signal axis. The invention provides a cultivation method for fruit trees which comprises the steps of adopting technology of three buds, two degrees and one signal axis to prune fruit trees during cultivation of fruit trees. 'Three buds' refers to steps of fixing buds, smearing buds and engraving buds. 'Two degrees' refers to the step of controlling thicknesses of main branches by adjusting angles of main branches in order to achieve reasonable ratio of branches to stems. One single shaft refers to the step of timely cleaning/or cutting separate branches of main branches in order to ensure that all main braches keep fruiting short branches and signal axes extend. The rapid shaping high-yield cultivation method in the early stage for fruit trees by adopting technology of three buds, two degrees and one signal axis has following beneficial effects: the method is applied to apple trees, sweet cherry trees and other fruit trees so that fruiting results for 3-year field planting and 4-year high-yield beneficial effects are obtained; the problem that cherries are difficult to cultivate is effectively solved; by adoption of a conventional method, fruits are harvested for at least four to five years and high-yield effectiveness for 6 to 7 years is achieved; and therefore, the method is very effective and of great importance for transformation and upgrading and highly-effective development in the industry of fruit trees.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a "three-bud, two-degree-one-shaft" rapid shaping and early high-yield cultivation method for fruit trees. Background technique [0002] In recent years, surveys have found that the United States, France, New Zealand, Japan and other world fruit industry powerhouses use industrialization ideas, ideas, and measures to manage and manage modern fruit industries, and have fully realized improved varieties, diversification, regionalization, intensification, and scale. It has achieved remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits. Compared with the world's advanced fruit production countries, there is still a big gap in my country's fruit tree industry, and there are still many problems that need to be studied and solved. Among them, the apple industry is mainly manifested in "single variety, chaotic seedlings, and poor quality; Closed orchards, difficult grass growth, aggravated diseases and insect pests; three-old structure (...

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Problems solved by technology

Its main advantage is that the fruiting branch or the fruiting branch group grows on the main branch or the side branch at an angle of 60-70°, and the branch group and the orchard have a long economic life. Branches cause waste of resources

The second method is 70 years of side shaping and side fruiting. In the process of cultivating the tree shape using the above-mentioned pruning techniques, temporary branches such as auxiliary branches, interlayer branches, and skirt branches are effectively used. Pruning methods such as girdling promote short branches and produce fruit, which has the advantage of obtaining a certain early yield, but the temporary branches affect the growth and shaping effect of the backbone branches (permanent branches) to a certain extent

Therefore, China is currently in a critical period of renewal, transformation and upgrading of old orchards. First, due to the imperfect breeding system of fruit tree seedlings in China, it is difficult to guarantee the quantity and quality of 3-year-old seedlings. Second, due to the climatic characteristics of spring drought and autumn flood , the survival rate of 3-year-old large seedlings is difficult to guarantee; in recent years, 2-year-old single-dried seedlings have been mainly used to demonstrate and promote the "wide row and high stem" cultivation mode. Due to the great difference in seedling quality, various pruning methods have been adopted. Among them, apples are mainly planted at a place of 80-100cm in the year of planting, and the buds are allowed to grow after they germinate. In the third year, select a certain number of branches in the appropriate position of the central trunk and develop them at an angle. In the fourth year, the fruits will be seen, and in the sixth and seventh years, the yield will be high. This method of plastic pruning mainly has three shortcomings or problems , one is that the age of the fruit is late, and the other is that it is a waste of resources to cut off all the branches on the central trunk in the second year, especially if the pruning technique is improper and the base is left too long. One bud eye will germinate 2-3 new shoots. It must be cut off, causing greater waste; the third is that the thickness of the selected branches is not easy to control, and the orderliness of each branch is relatively poor, thereby affecting the output and benefits of the whole tree body and orchard; On pears, in the year of planting, the technology of cutting buds at the central stem to promote branching was adopted for 2-year-old strong seedlings, and achieved good results in flowering in the year of bud carving and fruiting in the second year, but this technology is difficult for sweet cherries that are difficult to flower. fruit trees such as apples and

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