Planting method of selenium-enriched apples

[0018] Example 1

[0019] The selenium-rich apple planting method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0020] It includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) Plot selection: The planting land should be deep, fertile, loose soil, mountainous land, dry slope land and hilly land with good water conditions. The soil organic matter content is not less than 1.5%, and the soil pH is between 6 and 7.5. The height of apple seedlings is 1~1.5m, the planting pit is 0.8mX0.8mX0.8m before planting, the subsoil is separated from the topsoil, 1200~1500kg selenium-enriched compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and the topsoil is mixed and backfilled, and filled to 20cm from the ground. The spacing between seedlings is 1.5mX3m. The selenium-enriched compound fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 40 parts of urea, 28 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 9 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of potassium selenite, 7 parts of humic acid, and 0.7 parts of paclobutrazol , 6 parts of sawdust, 0.6 parts of EDTA chelated zinc.

[0022] (2) Preparation of selenium-enriched biological nutrient: The selenium-enriched biological nutrient includes the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of sodium selenite, 4 parts of compound amino acid, 9 parts of urea, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, and diphosphate 15 parts of potassium hydrogen, 8 parts of EM fermentation bacteria;

[0023] (3) Root system fertilization: In early March, dig a circular fertilization ditch 80-120cm away from the trunk of the apple tree with a width of 40cm and a depth of 40cm. Pave 2cm thick air-permeable and anti-seepage sand at the bottom of the ditch and apply it in the fertilization ditch. Selenium-enriched compound fertilizer, and then cover the soil to make the annular fertilization ditch level with the ground;

[0024] (4) Foliar fertilization: spray the selenium-enriched biological nutrient prepared in step (2) on the apple leaves during the flowering, young, and mid-fruit stages of apples, and the amount of spraying is 50-60kg per mu , Each time interval is 20-25 days; when the selenium-enriched biological nutrient is sprayed, the nutrient is diluted with water 50-60 times during the flowering period, and the nutrient is diluted 40-50 with water during the young fruit period. In the mid-fruit stage, dilute the nutrient with water by 30-40 times; when spraying the selenium-enriched biological nutrient, if it rains after spraying, it needs to be sprayed once after the rain stops, and the spraying amount is the same as before. In step (4), an organic film protective agent is sprayed on the surface of the apple leaves. After diluting "Serbeli" organic film protective agent 80-100 times with water, spray 150-250ml per fruit tree at an interval of 15-20 days.

[0025] (5) Stand-up support and shaping: stand-up cultivation of apple trees, trim the tree shape into a free spindle shape or a slender spindle shape, control the height of the apple tree to 2.5-3m, and the crown width to 1.5-1.8m, The stem height is 60-80cm, the central stem grows 10-15 main branches, the distance between the main branches is 20-25cm, and the opening angle of the main branches is 60-90°. After the apples are pruned, they should be smeared with shearing oil in time.

[0026] (6) Harvested at the right time, the selenium content in the meat after apple ripening is 35-50μg/kg.

[0027] The selenium-enriched compound fertilizer and selenium-enriched biological nutrient of the present invention are rich in protein, amino acids, energy promoters and various trace elements to promote the growth of fruit trees, can effectively promote rapid plant growth, enhance plant photosynthesis efficiency, and increase yield. Applying different concentrations of selenium-enriched bio-nutrients in the flowering and fruiting stages increases the use rate of fertilizers, and the combination of spraying fruit trees and soil application makes the selenium-enriching effect of apples more obvious. The selenium content in the meat of apples is 35-50μg/kg, which meets the national selenium limit, and the selenium content of fruits is ≤50μg/kg. Cerberi is an organic skin protective agent. Through spraying on the leaf surface of the young fruit, a layer of organic film protective agent is formed on the leaf and fruit surface to protect the apple from harm and form an invisible bagging protection. Realize the natural growth of apples, maintain the hardness and uniform color of the fruit, achieve photosynthesis and calcium supplement to the greatest extent, prevent softening and have obvious protective effects on the fruit surface, and have a physiological barrier to bitter acne, fruit rust, etc. Preventive effect. Pruning the fruit tree into a fine spindle shape that is conducive to ventilation and light transmission solves the problem of ventilation and light transmission and makes the apples evenly colored. Use compound insecticides to prevent and control diseases and insect pests to reduce the incidence of apple diseases.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] Different from Example 1, the selenium-enriched compound fertilizer in step (1) includes the following components by weight: 30 parts of urea, 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 8 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium chloride, and selenium 3 parts of potassium acid, 5 parts of humic acid, 0.5 parts of paclobutrazol, 4 parts of sawdust, 0.5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc. Step (2) A selenium-enriched biological nutrient includes the following components by weight: 20 parts of sodium selenite, 3 parts of compound amino acid, 8 parts of urea, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, EM fermentation 6 parts of bacteria.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] Different from Example 1, the selenium-enriched compound fertilizer in step (1) includes the following components by weight: 45 parts of urea, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 25 parts of potassium chloride, and selenium 5 parts of potassium acid, 8 parts of humic acid, 1 part of paclobutrazol, 8 parts of sawdust, 0.8 parts of EDTA chelated zinc. Step (2) A selenium-enriched biological nutrient includes the following components by weight: 30 parts of sodium selenite, 5 parts of compound amino acid, 10 parts of urea, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, EM fermentation 10 parts of bacteria.