Method for cultivating dry-land cabbage type spring rapes through mechanized plastic mulching and hole sowing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating dry-land cabbage type spring rapes through mechanized plastic mulching and hole sowing. Themethod sequentially comprises the following steps of land selection and preparation, base fertilizer application, seed dressing, plastic mulching and hole sowing machine selection, mechanical plasticmulching and hole sowing and field management. The mechanized plastic mulching and hole sowing technology is convenient and simple, the fertilizer application, field arrangement, pollution-free insectprevention and other technologies are reasonable, the yield and economic traits of the spring rapes can be improved better, the labor cost is reduced, and the possibility of whole mechanization and fertilizer and pesticide reduction during the dry-land cabbage type spring rape cultivation is achieved; compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the dry-land cabbage type spring rapes through mechanized plastic mulching and hole sowing specifically has the advantages that (1), the completely-efficient and quickly-efficient nutrient content and organic matter content of soil are increased, and the pH value of the soil is effectively reduced; (2) the plant height, branch number, silique number, thousand seed weight and other economic traits of the spring rapes are obviously increased; (3) the average yield of a demonstration area is 4863.9kg per hectare and is 2.57-28.68% higher than that of open-field culture in the demonstration area.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a mechanized film-covered hole-sowing cultivation method for dry-farmed cabbage-type spring rapeseed. Background technique [0002] The dry farming area of ​​Qinghai Province is mainly distributed in 16 counties (cities) in the loess hilly areas on both sides of the Yellow River and Huangshui River Basin and in the alpine mountains. Sloping farmland, the soil is mainly chernozem and chestnut soil developed from the loess parent material, the soil layer is deep, the groundwater table is extremely deep, it is difficult to use for agricultural production, and it belongs to the arid and semi-arid type. According to field measurements and surveys, the annual loss of surface runoff in the eastern arid mountainous area is 345 m / hm 2 , 30-60 t of topsoil was lost, and 420-840 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were lost. The area of ​​arable land in this area...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

This long-term unreasonable planting concept is likely to cause low water and fertilizer utilization rates, especially the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is maintained at about 30% for a long time, which cannot make full use of limited resources.

[0004] There are a lot of researches on the mechanized film-mulched hole-sowing cultivation technology of dry-farmed spring rapeseed, but the technology is not very perfect so far, and no mature technical method has been formed.

Moreover, under the condition of film mulching, there are few studies on the law of water and fertilizer requirements and the amount of water and fertilizer in spring rapeseed, which are still in the initial research stage.

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