Surgical device and method for pericardium retraction

Abstract

A surgical device and method for retracting a pericardium tissue, the surgical device having a tissue-engaging member for providing a negative pressure suction force to the pericardium tissue which is sufficient to retract same. The surgical device may be positioned in a retracting configuration wherein it provides a tensile load on the contacted portion of pericardium tissue thereby also positioning the patient's heart, that is anatomically attached to the pericardium tissue, within the thoracic cavity of the patient. The surgical device may be temporarily coupled to a surgical platform in its retracting configuration.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to the field of surgical apparatus and more specifically, to a tissue retraction device for positioning and orienting a beating heart during cardiac surgery. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a widely practised surgical procedure for performing coronary artery revascularization or bypass grafts. This surgical procedure consists of replenishing or augmenting blood flow to a portion of the patient's heart which is being deprived of such flow due to a restriction or blockage in a coronary artery supplying the said portion of the patient's heart. A healthy segment from a blood vessel, such as an artery or a vein converted into an artery, is attached to the patient's vasculature from a point upstream of the coronary artery restriction or blockage to a point downstream thereof, thereby creating the bypass artery and associated bypass blood flow. Since the great majority of CABG surg...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

"The present invention provides a surgical apparatus for retracting tissue. The apparatus includes a tissue-engaging member that uses negative pressure suction to retract tissue. The member has a deformable skirt that creates a tight seal with the tissue. A negative pressure plenum is formed within the skirt when the member is connected to a negative pressure source and the skirt is in contact with the tissue. The technical effect of this invention is a more effective and efficient method for retracting tissue during surgery."

Problems solved by technology

One of the challenges in performing beating heart CABG surgery lies in positioning and orienting the beating heart in order to obtain access to the inferior and posterior artery beds, while aiming to minimize physiologically undesirable effects such as hemodynamic instability, arrhythmia, or a precipitous drop in arterial pressure, any of which may occur as a result of such beating heart manipulation.

Furthermore, a surgical device which enables manipulation of the beating heart or which restrains its movement or positioning may impose loads and constraints on the beating heart.

This may impede the normal beating function of the heart and induce the onset of the physiologically undesirable effects described above.

Consequently, because of this blind installation, the risk of unintentionally puncturing other underlying body tissue with the tissue piercing needle may lead to operative or postoperative complications, especially when a number of such sutures is required.

For instance, an inadvertent puncture of the pleura and lungs may lead to a pneumothorax injury if undetected.

The placement of deep pericardial traction sutures may therefore be challenging.

For example the placement of such sutures may be time consuming, since securing of the pericardium retraction load through the manual tying of the suture line lengths is often a multiple step threading and knotting procedure.

As well, the placement of pericardial traction sutures may in some instances be cumbersome due to poor access to the deeper portions of pericardial tissue and due to the number of traction sutures required to achieve beating heart “verticalization”.

Lastly, these sutures may not be conducive to permitting easy readjustment of the magnitude of the desired tensile load on the pericardium tissue, or of the direction of said load relative to the pericardium tissue.

Generally, adjustment of the desired tensile load on the pericardium tissue by cutting an existing suture line and repiercing a new suture line is not desirable.

First, the process of placing a pericardial traction suture requires considerable manual dexterity, at times requiring the help of an assistant.

The process is therefore tedious and time consuming.

Second, a repiercing of the pericardium tissue with a subsequent traction suture tends to increase the likelihood of inducing tissue trauma or tissue tearing which may have to be surgically repaired.

More specifically, the teachings of Benetti et al. result in immobilization of the pulsating effects of a portion of the exterior surface of the beating heart through negative force application at the target artery site.

However, in such a suggested device, if one suction port is not in contact with underlying tissue to form a seal, then the entire system will tend to be rendered ineffective, at least in part, by the leakage through said port.

Alternatively, Benetti et al. teach that each suction port can have it own independent supply line, which would circumvent this problem through a more complex, cumbersome, and part-intensive set-up.

If the suction is lost, the loss will lead to the surgical work-site of the beating heart no longer immobilized and resulting instability from pulsating effects.

If other instruments are in contact with the heart at this time, it may also lead to risk of trauma or injury.

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