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Biodiesel and biodiesel blend fuels

a biodiesel and biodiesel technology, applied in the field of biodiesel and biodiesel blend fuels, can solve the problems of easy oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid esters, corrosion and filter plugging, and achieve the effect of enhancing oxidation stability

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-02-03
EXXON RES & ENG CO
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

We have discovered fuel compositions comprising synergistic combinations of a biodiesel (B 100) or biodiesel blend (Bx), an antioxidant comprising a mixture of at least one diphenol and at least one sterically hindered phenol, and a cetane improver. Notably, the fuel compositions described herein evidence enhanced oxidation stability as determined by the Rancimat test method (prEN 15751), even though they contain an ignition-enhancing, oxidation stability-degrading cetane improver.
Given their unique combination of improved oxidation stability, enhanced ignition quality and the fact that an antioxidant combination of a sterically hindered phenol and diphenol is cheaper than a pure diphenol antioxidant, the fuel compositions described herein facilitate a wider use of biodiesels and biodiesel blends. Further, the fuel compositions described herein should avoid the corrosion, plugging, and sediment and gum formation associated with known biodiesels and biodiesel blends.

Problems solved by technology

Biodiesel fuels typically contain unsaturated fatty acid esters that can easily oxidize in the presence of oxygen, especially if UV light, and / or trace metals are also present.
The products formed from this oxidation give rise to sediment and gum formation within the fuel that can lead to corrosion and plugging of filters, pumps and fuel injectors which utilize fuel containing biodiesel.

Method used

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  • Biodiesel and biodiesel blend fuels
  • Biodiesel and biodiesel blend fuels
  • Biodiesel and biodiesel blend fuels

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

We unexpectedly found that the presence of a cetane improver such as 2-ethylhexyl nitrate improves the ignition quality of, and degrades the Rancimat oxidation stability of, a biodiesel blend or a biodiesel. Sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants improved the oxidation stability of the biodiesel or biodiesel blend fuels, but not to the same extent as a diphenol such as tert-butylhydroquinone antioxidant. However, a combination of a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant with a diphenol such as tert-butylhydroquinone provided similar, and in some cases even directionally better, oxidation stability when compared to the use of only a diphenol.

The experiment of this example shows that the addition of a 2-ethylhexyl nitrate cetane improver to a biodiesel fuel reduced its Rancimat (prEN 15751) oxidation stability by about 26.5% (average of 2 Rancimat stability results). As listed below and as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, upon addition of the cetane improver, oxidation stability decrea...

example 2

The experiment of this example shows that sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants improve the Rancimat stability of biodiesel fuel containing a cetane improver, but not to the same extent as a diphenol such as 2-tert-butylhydroquinone. However, as seen in FIG. 3, a mixture of a 50% by volume 2-tert-butylhydroquinone with 50% by volume of sterically hindered phenols provided significantly better Rancimat stability than the calculated Rancimat stability for that composition.

FIG. 3

Fuel 3: Fuel 2+400 mg / L Ethanox 4733

Fuel 4: Fuel 2+400 mg / L Ethanox 4703

Fuel 5: Fuel 2+400 mg / L 2-tert-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone

Fuel 6: Fuel 2+200 mg / L Ethanox 4703+200 mg / L 2-tert-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone

Fuel 7: Fuel 2+200 mg / L Ethanox 4733+200 mg / L 2-tert-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone

Fuel 8: Fuel 6 calculated Rancimat stability

Fuel 9: Fuel 7 calculated Rancimat stability

example 3

The experiment of this example shows (as depicted in FIG. 4) that the 2-ethylhexyl nitrate cetane improver increases the ASTM D6890 ignition quality of the biodiesel Fuels 1-7 and that the presence of antioxidants did not significantly affect the ignition quality of the biodiesel fuels. Fuels 1-7 were comprised of Fuels 1 or 2 (Example 1).

FIG. 4

Fuel 1: 5 vol % Soybean Methyl Ester+95 vol % petroleum diesel fuel

Fuel 2: 99.7 vol % Fuel 1+0.3 vol % 2-ethylhexyl nitrate

Fuel 3: Fuel 2+400 mg / L Ethanox 4733

Fuel 4: Fuel 2+400 mg / L Ethanox 4703

Fuel 5: Fuel 2+400 mg / L 2-tert-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone

Fuel 6: Fuel 2+200 mg / L Ethanox 4703+200 mg / L 2-tert-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone

Fuel 7: Fuel 2+200 mg / L Ethanox 4733+200 mg / L 2-tert-butyl-1,4-hydroquinone

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Abstract

Fuel compositions are provided which comprise synergistic combinations of a biodiesel or biodiesel blend, an antioxidant comprising a mixture of at least one diphenol and at least one sterically hindered phenol, and a cetane improver. The fuel compositions described herein exhibit a unique combination of improved oxidation stability and enhanced ignition quality.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe invention provides fuel compositions comprising synergistic combinations of a biodiesel or biodiesel blend, an antioxidant comprising a mixture of at least one diphenol and at least one sterically hindered phenol, and a cetane improver.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONBiodiesel is the name for a variety of ester-based oxygenated fuels made from vegetable oils, fats, greases, or other sources of triglycerides. Biodiesel is a nontoxic and biodegradable blendstock which may be blended with petroleum diesel provided relevant specifications are met. Blends of biodiesel with petroleum diesel can substantially reduce the emission levels and toxicity of diesel exhaust. Biodiesel has been designated as an alternative fuel by the United States Department of Energy and the United States Department of Transportation, and is registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency as a fuel and fuel additive.Biodiesel fuels typically contain unsaturated fatty acid es...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C10L1/19
CPCC10L1/2225C10L1/223C10L1/231C10L10/12C10L2200/0476C10L1/19C10L1/14C10L1/1616C10L1/183C10L1/1832C10L2230/081
Inventor POIRIER, MARC-ANDREWELLS, PAUL P.BESSONETTE, PAUL W.
Owner EXXON RES & ENG CO
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