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Liver organoid compositions and methods of making and using same

a technology of liver organs and compositions, applied in the field of liver organoid compositions and methods of making and using same, can solve the problems of limiting the practical use of liver cells in the pharmaceutical industry, wasting billions of dollars annually in drug development, and the functionality of the existing methodology using liver cells is extremely poor

Pending Publication Date: 2019-10-03
JAPAN SCI & TECH CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent describes methods for creating liver cells from previous cells, such as iPSC cells. These liver cells can be used to screen for serious liver complications caused by drugs or other factors. They can also be used to treat individuals with liver damage or to identify effective therapy for liver disease.

Problems solved by technology

Existing methodology using liver cells exhibit extremely poor functionality, largely due to a lack of essential anatomical structures, which limits their practical use for the pharmaceutical industry.
Billions of dollars are lost annually from drug development in the pharmaceutical industry due to the failures of drug candidates identified in initial screens, and nearly a third of drugs are withdrawn from the market due to such failures (Takebe and Taniguchi, 2014).
A failure of drug candidates results in a tremendous loss of a patient's treatment opportunity.
This inefficiency can be explained by the substantial lack of physiologically relevant preclinical models with high throughput in evaluating drug induced liver injury (DILI) in humans and thus, an urgent need to develop an in vitro humanistic screen model for the evaluation of the vast amounts of continuously growing compound libraries.
However, there are considerable differences in drug toxicity profiles between the current simplified culture model with the use of isolated primary human hepatocytes or hepatic cell lines, and in vivo physiology, resulting in failed translation of drugs or drug discontinuation, as in the case of Troglitazone, Nefazodone and Tolcapone (https: / / livertox.nlm.nih.gov / index.html).
The determination of toxicological properties thus mainly relies on animals as an essential step for drug development, however, due to the pronounced differences in physiology between humans and animals, there is a significant lack of fidelity to human outcomes (Leslie et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2014).
In addition, the onset of idiosyncratic DILI (IDILI), which is very rare but nonetheless responsible for about 10-15% of acute liver failures in the USA (Reuben et al., 2010), is almost impossible to predict (Kullak-Ublick et al., 2017).

Method used

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  • Liver organoid compositions and methods of making and using same
  • Liver organoid compositions and methods of making and using same
  • Liver organoid compositions and methods of making and using same

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[0059]In the present study, Applicant tested bile transport activity using Fluorescein Diacetate, which was excreted by MRP2 across the canalicular membrane into the bile canalicular networks (Tian et al., 2004). It has previously been reported that Troglitazone and Cyclosporin inhibit the MRP2 (Chang et al., 2013; Lechner et al., 2010). In addition, the efflux transporter MRP2 mediates export of Bosentan (Fahrmayr et al., 2013). Although the inhibition of MRP2 by Nefazodone was not reported, mitochondria stress by Nefazodone may be related to a decrease of the bile transport activity, efflux of Fluorescein Diacetate, because MRP2 is an ATP-dependent bile salt transporter for canalicular excretion of bile acids in hepatocytes.

[0060]Preclinical detection of risk compounds for drug induced liver injury (DILI) remains a significant challenge in drug development, highlighting a need for a predictive human system. Here, Applicant developed a human liver organoid (HLO) model for analyzing...

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Abstract

Disclosed are methods of inducing formation of a liver organoid from precursor cells, such as iPSC cells. The disclosed liver organoids may be used for screening for a serious adverse event (SAE), such as liver failure and / or drug induced liver injury (DILL), and / or drug toxicity. The disclosed liver organoids may also be used to treat an individual having liver damage, or for identifying a preferred therapeutic agent.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to and benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62 / 471,371, filed Nov. 4, 2016, and 62 / 517,414, filed Jun. 9, 2016, the contents of each are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.BACKGROUND[0002]The liver is a vital organ that provides many essential metabolic functions for life such as the detoxification of exogenous compounds and coagulation as well as producing lipids, proteins, ammonium, and bile. In vitro reconstitution of a patient's liver may provide applications including regenerative therapy, drug discovery and drug toxicity studies. Existing methodology using liver cells exhibit extremely poor functionality, largely due to a lack of essential anatomical structures, which limits their practical use for the pharmaceutical industry.[0003]Billions of dollars are lost annually from drug development in the pharmaceutical industry due to the failures of drug candidates ident...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K35/407C12N5/074C12N5/071A61P1/16
CPCC12N5/0671A61K45/06C12N2501/119A61P1/16A61K35/407C12N2506/45C12N5/0696A61K31/575G01N33/5088C12N2500/38C12N2501/727G01N2800/52C12N15/01A61K9/0029C12N5/0672C12N5/0697C12N2500/36G01N33/5008
Inventor TAKEBE, TAKANORISHINOZAWA, TADAHIROKOIKE, HIROYUKIKIMURA, MASAKI
Owner JAPAN SCI & TECH CORP
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