The invention relates to an automatic medicine storing and taking system for a hospital, in particular to a storing and taking management system of medicines and consumed materials in an operating room. The medicine storing and taking system comprises a cabinet body, a medicine storage unit and a control system, wherein the control system controls the medicine storage unit by a control circuit; the medicine storage unit comprises a body, a plurality of controllable medicine boxes and a medicine box fixing frame, and the controllable medicine boxes are arranged on the medicine box fixing frame; the medicine box fixing frame is arranged at the bottom of the box from an installing groove at the rear part of the body; the side surface of the medicine box fixing frame is provided with a plurality of L-shaped opened grooves at equal intervals, and the L-shaped opened grooves are in matched installation with bosses arranged at the lower part of the controllable medicine box; the controllablemedicine box comprises a single medicine keeping box and a plurality of medicine keeping boxes; the size unit of the single medicine keeping box is the basic size unit of the controllable medicine box; and the lengths and the widths of the medicine keeping boxes are integral multiples than those of the single medicine keeping box. The automatic medicine storing and taking system required to be protected in the invention conforms to the China medicine management and the hospital management system completely, and has the advantages that the storage space is free and adjustable, the mechanical structure, disassembly and maintenance are simple and the safety is high, the installation and the combination of the medicine boxes are also simpler and more convenient, and the storage space of the medicines is greatly saved.