Nanometer gene vaccine as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a nanometer gene vaccine as well as a preparation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of biology. In order to overcome the defects such as high preparation time consumption, complicated steps and high cost existing in recombinant proteins, the invention provides a nanometer gene vaccine. According to the nanometer gene vaccine, based on a genetic engineering technology, a signal peptide sequence, two identical NKG2D extracellular sequences and a sequence of cell factors IL-15 needed by eukaryotic expression are introduced, and an expression vector of fused proteins is constructed and is prepared into the nanometer gene vaccine by using a biocompatible chitosan material. Because the nanometer gene vaccine carries positive charges, the vaccine can be actively devoured by tumor cells or muscle cells, and proteins dsNKG2D-IL-15 linked between the tumor cells and lymphocytes are expressed in the eukaryocyte. Therefore, natural killer cells (NK) or cytotoxic T cells (CTL) in vivo are activated, the specific immune response in vivo can be enhanced, and an antitumor drug is prepared.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a novel nano-gene vaccine with anti-tumor and immune-enhancing activities and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of biotechnology. Background technique [0002] Tumor cells reduce the expression of HLA class I molecules and co-stimulatory molecules, escape the surveillance of T lymphocytes in the body, but activate the activity of NK cells. If the activating signal transmitted by activating receptors on the surface of NK cells is stronger than the inhibitory signal transmitted by inhibitory receptors, NK cells will be activated, secrete cytokines and directly kill tumor cells, known as the body's first anti-tumor line of defense. On the other hand, the fact that tumors escape the monitoring function of NK cells and a large number of experimental evidences prove that the number and function of NK cells in tumor tissues are lower than those in normal tissues. Therefore, how to promote NK cell proliferation and...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the process of induction expression, in vitro purification and renaturation of the recombinant protein has the disadvantages of long time-consuming, cumbersome steps, and high cost, which is not conducive to widespread clinical use.

However, when genetic vaccines are used in vivo, they often have the disadvantages of rapid metabolism and low active uptake efficiency by cells.

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